Essay on On Stuttering - 1082 Words

Two Authors: same struggle In the short stories, â€Å"On Stuttering,† by Edward Hoagland, and â€Å"Me Talk Pretty,† by David Sedaris, the authors discuss how they dealt with their speech impediments. They wrote about the way they handled their difficulties with speech, the different strategies they used, and how their limitations affected how they felt about themselves. Although the two author’s handicaps were not identical, they both used similar approaches to overcome them. After 60 years of stuttering, Hoagland reminisces about his struggles and triumphs to overcome his stuttering. While attending school, he learned that, â€Å"Life can become a matter of measuring the importance of anything you have to say.† He felt that it was†¦show more content†¦After losing his sight for a short period of time, he realized that stuttering was just a lesser difficulty of life. If he wanted to survive he would be forced to speak. It is at this point he realizes that he can speak without stuttering when he is forced to and he comes to terms that we all run into to obstacles we must overcome. Sedaris too struggles with a speech impediment. Although his handicap was not stuttering, he too finds it easier not to speak unless absolutely necessary. After moving to Paris, Sedaris returns to school where he must speak and understand French fluently. Unfortunately, he is anything but fluent. Sedaris knew that he would be expected to perform. On his first day of school the teacher asked, â€Å"has everyone apzkiubjxow?† â€Å"Who knows the alphabet?† With this the students began introducing themselves alphabetically. The Two Polish Annas go first. The first Anna worked as a seamstress and hated the mosquito. The teacher replied, â€Å"I thought everyone loved the mosquito.† As the teacher continued to ridicule the other students, Sedaris tries to think of an answer to what had become a trick question. Next i t was the Yugoslavian girls turn. She was accused of master-minding a program of genocide. When it was Sedaris’ turn, he made the critical mistake of assigning the wrong gender to both the typewriter and the floor waxer. His teacher continues to belittle the students one by one.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Stuttering1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Stuttering Throughout the modern era stuttering has caused many individuals to reshape the way they act or think. For people affected by stuttering, alterations are real and hard to overcome. Much of the world is based on first impressions; the way one acts and converses is an essential building block in relationships, and it helps one to establish an identity for themselves and others to perceive. With stuttering comes several downturns that affect the mind, body, and the way oneRead MoreThe Key Features Of Stuttering1799 Words   |  8 PagesKey Features of Stuttering Stuttering is a speech disorder that occurs when the fluency of speech is involuntarily interrupted (Belyk et al., 2014). According to scientific literature, typical symptoms of stuttering include prolongations of speech sounds, sound and syllable repetition, fast tempo, lengthy pauses, intrusion of irrelevant sounds, the use of interjections, and physical signs of struggle (Andrade et al., 2014). Additionally, stutterers can develop secondary behaviours including negativeRead MoreChildhood Stuttering : A Narrative Review1553 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Stuttering: A Narrative Review Yaruss (2004) introduces childhood stuttering as a communication disorder characterized by atypical disfluencies that interrupt the smooth flow of speech. Some disfluencies, such as phrase repetitions, revisions, interjections, and pauses, are common in the speech of typically developing children; however, atypical disfluencies such as prolongations, blocks, and part or whole-word repetitions may be indicative of developmental, or childhood, stuttering (YarussRead MoreStuttering Is The Most Common Speech Disorder1116 Words   |  5 PagesAll people stumble over words; however, they quickly move on from it. For a person who suffers from stuttering just the simple anticipation of a disfluency occurring can have a person filled with fear, anxiety and even anger. Stuttering can prevent people from wanting to engage in social situations with the fear of embarrassment that their disorder can cause them. Stuttering is a fluency disorder which causes interruptions in the flow of speech. Th ese interruptions are called disfluencies and canRead MoreJournal Summary of Stuttering Treatment Program Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesThe following is a summary of a journal article titled, â€Å"Is Parent -Child Interaction Therapy Effective in Reducing Stuttering?† by Sharon Millard, Alison Nicholas, and Frances Cook. This article was published in the Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research in June 2008, to report the findings of a research conducted on the effects of parent-child interaction therapy approach (PCIT) on children who stutter. It was conducted to add more research and evidence to the efficacy of using the PCITRead MoreHistory, Analysis, and Treatment of Stuttering Essay example2033 Words   |  9 PagesDescription: As defined by Palmer and Yantis (1990) stuttering is â€Å"a disruption of the forward flow of speech†¦an interruption in speech fluency† (Palmer Yantis, 1990). These pauses or breaks in speech are often referred to as â€Å"disfluencies.† They go on to state that â€Å"the forward flow of speech can be impeded either by a cessation of talking such as an obvious hesitation, by repetition, or by prolongation of some aspect of speech and apparently be unable to control this repetition† (Palmer Read MoreA Study On Stuttering And Its Effects On The Lives Of The Tongue, Lips, And Throat1513 Words   |  7 PagesEpidemiology Stuttering, also called stammering or fluency disorder, inhibits the afflicted person from speaking with ease due to the â€Å"involuntary, repetitive, prolongation or cessation† of sounds when trying to speak. Stuttering is a repetition of initial/sound repetition of single syllable word ( I..I..want more cookies or I want, I want, I want the cup.) There are also some core features and secondary features of stuttering. The Core features includes Repetitions, (My-my-my-hat), Prolongations(rrrrraaabit)Read MoreEffects Of Language Impairments On Children1542 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease, or simply a stutter; are all cases known for having communication disorders. Over six million people in the U.S. suffer from a language impairment; out of that six, one million suffer people suffer from aphasia, and three million suffer from stuttering. Through various research, many analysts have discovered an alternative way for these patients to effectively communicate with their peers. T here has been several cases where literature has become a great influence in assisting those in need ofRead MoreDr. Murray s The Stutterer Story 2044 Words   |  9 Pagesdisorder has affected him. The purpose of this essay is to outline the life of Dr. Murray in his stuttering as well as expressing my own reflection on how others might view stutterers. Only The Beginning In the beginning of Dr. Murray s life, he was only about the age of two when he started stuttering. His stuttering happened overnight. This seems like a dramatic way for someone to start stuttering all of sudden. Most times the child slowly develops their disfluency at a young age. Anything canRead MoreThe First Day Of School946 Words   |  4 Pagesof speaking is called stuttering. Why do people stutter? A mystery that has yet to be unraveled. The hardest part happens to be when a person is trying to describe what stuttering is like to a fluent speaker--impossible and tough. Many people view stuttering as unimportant and do not consider stuttering to be a disability. However, that is not the case because stuttering actually limits a person s speech skills. The only thing that makes stuttering different is that stuttering is referred to as a

Essay about Marijuana is not a Drug - 785 Words

Marijuana is not a Drug How do we define a drug? Who makes a drug illegal and why do they make it illegal? Marijuana is considered a drug; but why is it considered a drug? In this essay I hope to persuade you that marijuana doesnt deserve the label it has been given. I will use several different examples that will prove to you that marijuana isnt as harmful as people portray it to be. This is a discussion that we have had in the past, when or culture was trying to prove that alcohol wasnt as bad as our government was trying to portray it. Hopefully after reading this essay you will understand why people push for the legalization of marijuana. First example is our brains are flooded with the natural forms of the drug. The form†¦show more content†¦When under the influence of alcohol or marijuana we are not allowed to operate a motor vehicle because of our inability to react or make wise decisions. On the other hand there was a study that was done that proves that people under the influence of marijuana where marginally less likely to have an accident than those who are drug free. This studied was done by a pharmacology team from the University of Adelaide and Transport. The evidence in the study says that people under the influence of marijuana drive more cautious and drove more slowly because of altered time perception. People under the influence of alcohol were responsible for 90 percent of the accidents recorded. Another example of the effects of alcohol compared to the effects of marijuana is the violence that occurs when under the influence. When you drink alcohol your brain gets numb so you have no judgement what you are doing. Thats why a lot of fights occur when you drink because you react and dont think of the consequences. If there was a study done on domestic violence more than likely the study would prove that alcohol was the cause. Anytime you attend an event were there are a lot of people consuming alcohol you are going to have an altercation. On th e other hand marijuana use doesnt cause any aggressive behavior. Instead of wanting to fight you will find yourself in a more loving and friendly mood. PeopleShow MoreRelatedThe Drug Marijuana916 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is one of the most commonly abused drugs around the world and is categorized by the US Drug Enforcement Agency as a schedule I drug. This means it has a higher chance of being abused. (â€Å"Legalization of marijuana: potential impact on youth† 1825). Those who are in support of legalizing marijuana do not understand the negative effects of legalizing marijuana and marijuana use itself. There are several arguments for legalizing marijuana, however, the reasons for keeping it illegal outweighRead MoreThe Drug Of Medical Marijuana983 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical marijuana. The agency would relinquish a tremendous amount of bureaucratic power if it acknowledged the medicinal benefits of marijuana. Simply put, a plant can’t be patented, but the is olated compounds within it can be. Likewise, drug companies would obviously prefer a system in which consumers face potential jail time for marijuana and forced to pay sky high prices from prescription drugs which synthesize marijuana’s chemicals. There is also revolving door between employees of drug companiesRead MoreMarijuana a Gateway Drug?906 Words   |  4 PagesANALYSIS: MARIJUANA Critical Issue Analysis: Marijuana Janet Matthews University of Phoenix April 22, 2009 Critical Issue Analysis: Marijuana Gfroerer, J. W. (2005). Marijuana Is a Gateway Drug First time marijuana use will lead to harder drugs, creates health risks including HIV. Earleywine, M. (2004). Marijuana Is Not a Gateway to Other Addictive Drugs. Most marijuana users do not touch hard drugs. First time marijuana use doesRead MoreMarijuana as a Gateway Drug2211 Words   |  9 PagesSociology 225 Research Paper Marijuana as a Gateway Drug The gateway theory is a hypothesis which states that the use of gateway drugs (alcohol, tobacco and marijuana) lead to the use of more illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), marijuana is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act. â€Å"Schedule I drugs are classified as having a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United StatesRead MoreMarijuana And Other Narcotic Drugs1235 Words   |  5 Pages Marijuana and other narcotic drugs have been a controversial topic on a national and global scale throughout the century. Marijuana especially is considered a drug that’s harmful and helpful at the same time. People have formed opinions about different drugs based upon their observations and the scientific research that has been shared with the public from different experimental organizations. We have had picketers demonstrate their support by protesting for the marijuana movement, which canRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal Drugs?967 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief until one day that all changed. Her name was Marijuana. Many people hold extreme views regarding drugs, especially illegal drugs. Anti-drug individuals often present a view of all illegal drugs as horrendous and without any redeeming qualities. I used to be this individual. Before my newfound discovery I believed marijuana usage was unacceptable , while despising the users. I perceived marijuana as a gateway drugs to other harmful dangerous drugs and a narcotic that honestly ruined individualsRead MoreMarijuana: A Boon or A Gateway Drug876 Words   |  4 Pages ‘Cannabis’- a plant of wonder, commonly known for its by-products like marijuana, hashish, hemp oil, etc. is the most popular drug plant. These products often used for their psychoactive effects. This can include heightened mood or euphoria, relaxation, and an increase in appetite. Popularity of the marijuana has increased widely these days between all age groups. Smoker’s says, â€Å"There is no harm in smoking marijuana, as it is non-addictive, it relaxes your body and connects you to your soul whereasRead MoreShould Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized?932 Words   |  4 PagesThe subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to f lip its war on drugs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatlyRead MoreMarijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pageslegalization of Marijuana. As of 1970 with the passing of The Controlled Substances Act the Federal Government officially classified marijuana as a schedule 1 drug with no real accepted medicinal use at the time (History of Marijuana). As the capabilities of science have progressed over time more and more scientific challenges have bombarded this decision so that more tangible research can be garnered from this plant. The earliest known mention of marijuana as a recreational drug came from the writingsRead MoreDrug Use And Abuse Of Marijuana1299 Words   |  6 Pageswho would say that the use of marijuana is a result of bad parenting, while others claim that it is due to their surroundings. Regardless of one’s point of view, the use of marijuana has been going on for some time now and is not only a problem in our generation but back during the 1900’s to 1950’s as well. During the 1900’s there were a lot of things going on and some people were doing what was in, Marijuana. According to our text book, Drug Use and Abuse, Marijuana was often used by Mexican laborers

Clockwork Orange Feedom Essay Research Paper Journal free essay sample

Clockwork Orange Feedom Essay, Research Paper Journal 1 A Clockwork Orange In the novel, A Clockwork Orange, I feel that Anthony Burgess has tried to demo the importance of single freedom over making the right thing. However he has taken an utmost illustration of force and perverse Acts of the Apostless to stress this belief. It is my sentiment that Burgess has someway been blinded to the facts of nature in his pursuit to guarantee personal freedom. The lines of merely cause and moral rule have been eliminated. Personal freedom can be described as moving upon your ain agreement and non going restricted by the societal paradigm in which you live. This is decidedly a baronial cause ; all work forces should hold the right to take the way of their ain lives at any period in those lives as they see fit. You may hold the right to take your ain actions, but you are non allowed to enforce your freedom and ideas on others. We will write a custom essay sample on Clockwork Orange Feedom Essay Research Paper Journal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the point at which I think Burgess? supposed position becomes hypocritical. Alex has forced himself into the personal freedom of others, chiefly his three droogs, and by making so is no better than the province, which rehabilitated him at the terminal of the novel. If one imposes himself on the personal freedom of another in a instead violent mode, a reaction will happen and one can be assure that that response will non be one of logic. If a rabid animate being wanders around your vicinity, do you allow it go on to make so? The animate being as you one time knew it might hold been, by all agencies an fond animal by ever playing with the kids and neer one time threatened the grumpy adult male following door, but what if today it threatens the lives of everyone in your community. What do you make with it now? The animate being? s life would be of course ended and it is freed from its disease. Alex is ill much like a rabid animate being, he is perverse and though it may non be his mistake, much like it was non the animate being? s mistake of going rabid, his menace on others has to be neutralized to guarantee the safety of others. Al ex was a devil that preyed on the meek and guiltless ; those of which were seeking nil but peace. I know by personal experience that animate beings in a place that could harm others should be dealt with. In most instances you may be making the topic a favor and seting it out of the wretchedness that it now endures. I question the existent freedom Alex believes he has. He seems to be oppressed by his emotional disease and contrariness. Alex is a slave to his supposed freedom, which is dictated by the feelings of the other people whose freedom he threatened. By taking the way he did ; Alex besides must accept the effects along with it ; whether he wants them or non. A parallel to this is written in portion two, chapter 3. ? This is non a wages. This is far from being a wages. Now, there is a signifier here to be signed. It says that you are willing to hold the residue of your sentence commuted to submission to what is called here, pathetic look, Reclamation Treatment. Will you subscribe? ? ? Most surely I will subscribe? p.70-71 Alex is so speedy to hold, because he sees the opportunity for his freedom to be redeemed ; and is blinded by the Acts of the Apostless that are present in his way to the freedom he seeks. The warden warns him that this is non a gift being handed to him, but alternatively possibly a expletive. Alex accepts this effect much like he must accept the effects set upon him by society for the life style he chooses to populate. So as Anthony Burgess has been blinded to the facts of nature in his hunt to guarantee personal freedom, so has Alex in the hunt for his. They are both heading for a long unsmooth route and this route is unpredictable. Full moon with puddles to decelerate you and drop holes to halt you. As mentioned in the short narrative Saturday Climbing, ? Extremism begets extremism. ? Meaning to me that the utmost agencies in which the novel was written, leads to the utmost agencies in which the novel is unfolded and the development of the monster Alex. Personal note: make you cognize if this, Anthony Burgess was a huffy adult male?

Lion King Vs Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Lion King Vs Hamlet The movie, The Lion King, and the book, Hamlet, both have a similar story line. In both stories, the king is killed and revenge is sought by the kings son. The murderers in the stories are the kings brothers who want the power of the throne. After the death of the Kings, both of the villains successfully took over the kingdoms. While these villains ruled, the kingdoms slowly deteriorated. Neither of the sons liked the villains, but they did not know at first that they had anything to do with their fathers death. It took an outside force to convince them that they must vow revenge for their fathers death. Both sons had the wit to approach revenge strategically. They wanted the villains to know that they knew about how their fathers were murdered. The leading roles in each of the stories had a corresponding role in the other. The corresponding characters shared a number of similarities, but it was the ways in which they were different that determined their fate and that of the kingdom. In Hamlet, the prince is Hamlet. He is in deep grieving of his fathers death. He is angry because he believes that everyone has already forgotten how great of a king his father was. Hamlet does not know for sure who is responsible for his fathers death, but he suspects Claudius who is his uncle and the new king. Hamlet decides that if he can convince everyone that he is insane, then maybe he will be able to get someone to tell him more about his fathers murder. In The Lion King, Simba is the prince. Simbas father, Mufasa, is killed after he falls from a cliff into a herd of hyenas. Simba falls into a deep depression after his uncle Scar twists things around and convinces Simba that he is the one responsible for the Mufasas death. Simba can not d eal with what has happened and he runs away from the kingdom. In Hamlet, The new king Claudius is able to gain respect from the kingdom. He even steals the love of Hamlets mother Gertrude. The old kings councilor, Polonius, becomes Claudiuss councilor and his best friend. He helps Claudius keep an eye on Hamlet and tries to keep him from finding out anything about his fathers death. Polonius believes that if he helps Claudius that he can make life better for himself and for his daughter and son. But in the end, his actions get him slayed, drive his daughter to insanity, and eventually set the stage for his son to die in a sword fight with Hamlet. In The Lion King, as soon as Scar takes over as king, everything in the kingdom begins to die and grow ugly. The three Hyenas become Scars helpers. He uses them to do his work and to keep an eye on Simba. The Hyenas think that by helping Scar, they will earn some power, but Scar eventually double-crosses them. In Hamlet, Hamlets mother crosses her son by marrying Claudius. She loved Hamlet, but she wanted to keep her title as queen. Throughout the play she shows that she is loyal to Claudius because she tells him everything that Hamlet tells her. Hamlet cant understand how a woman could just forget the love of one man, his father, and jump right into another bed with a new man. He begins to hate all women because of this. In The Lion King, Sarabi, Simbas mom has great pride and faith in her son. When her husband dies, she knows that Simba is not to blame. She also believes that Simba has the strength to take the throne back and reclaim the kingdom. Hamlets only friend who he can trust in the play is Horatio. When Hamlet sees the ghost of his father, he is able to confide in Horatio about what he had seen and what the ghost had told him. The ghost told Hamlet that Claudius was the murderer of his father. This is easy for Hamlet to believe because he doesnt like Claudius. Hamlet gets an idea to perform a play in front of the whole kingdom that would depict the way in which he

5 Important Oedipus Rex Quotes Explained

5 Important Oedipus Rex Quotes Explained Oedipus Rex  (Oedipus the King) is a famous play by the great ancient Greek tragedian  Sophocles. The play was first performed around 429 BCE and is part of a trilogy of plays which also include Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. In a nutshell, the play tells the story of Oedipus, a man doomed from birth as a result of a prophecy which states that he will murder his father and marry his mother. Despite his familys attempts to stop the prophecy from being fulfilled, Oedipus still falls prey to fate. The simple plot of the play can be easily summed up in just five key quotes. Oedipus Rex has influenced artists and thinkers around the world for more than two millennia. Its the basis for  Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytical theory, appropriately named the Oedipus complex; as Freud notes of Oedipus in his seminal work The Interpretation of Dreams: His destiny moves us only because it might have been ours- because the oracle laid the same curse upon us before our birth as upon him. It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. Our dreams convince us that this is so. Setting the Scene Ah! my poor children, known, ah, known too well,The quest that brings you hither and your need.Ye sicken all, well wot I, yet my pain,How great soever yours, outtops it all. Oedipus exclaims these sympathetic words at the beginning of the play to the people of Thebes. The city is beset with a plague and many of Oedipuss citizens are sick and dying. These words paint Oedipus as a compassionate and empathetic ruler. This image, juxtaposed with Oedipuss dark and twisted past, revealed later in the play, makes his downfall even more striking. Greek audiences at the time were already familiar with the story of Oedipus; thus Sophocles skillfully added these lines for dramatic irony. Oedipus Reveals His Paranoia and Hubris The trusty Creon, my familiar friend,Hath lain in wait to oust me and subornedThis mountebank, this juggling charlatan,This tricksy beggar-priest, for gain aloneKeen-eyed, but in his proper art stone-blind.Say, sirrah, hast thou ever proved thyselfA prophet? When the riddling Sphinx was hereWhy hadst thou no deliverance for this folk?And yet the riddle was not to be solvedBy guess-work but required the prophets artWherein thou wast found lacking; neither birds nor sign from heaven helped thee, but I came.The simple Oedipus; I stopped her mouth. This speech by Oedipus reveals a lot about his personality. A clear contrast from the first quote, Oedipus tone here shows that he is paranoid, has a short temper, and is pompous. Whats happening is that Teiresias, a prophet, refuses to tell Oedipus who the murderer of King Laius (Oedipuss father) is. A bewildered Oedipus reacts by angrily taunting Teiresias for being stone-blind, a charlatan, a beggar-priest, and so on. He also accuses Creon, the person who brought Teiresias, for planning this perplexing scene in an attempt to undermine Oedipus. He then continues to belittle Teiresias by saying how useless the old prophet, as it was Oedipus who defeated the Sphinx who terrorized the city.   Teiresias Reveals the Truth Of the children, inmates of his home,He shall be proved the brother and the sire,Of her who bare him son and husband both,Co-partner, and assassin of his sire. Provoked by Oedipuss offensive words, Teiresias finally hints at the truth. He reveals that not only is Oedipus the murderer of Laius, but he is both brother and [father] to his children, both son and husband to his wife, and the assassin of his [father]. This is the first piece of information Oedipus gets in discovering how he unwittingly committed incest and patricide. A humbling lesson- Sophocles shows how Oedipus hot temper and hubris provoked Teiresias and set his own downfall in motion.    Oedipus Tragic Downfall Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud,Wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud.Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot,What pangs of agonizing memory? In a grotesque scene, Oedipus screams these lines after he blinds himself. At this point, Oedipus has realized that he indeed killed his father and slept with his mother. He is unable to cope with the truth after he has been blind to it for so long, and so symbolically blinds himself physically. Now, all Oedipus can see is darkness, like a shroud. The Conclusion of One Story and Beginning of the Next Though I cannot behold you, I must weepIn thinking of the evil days to come,The slights and wrongs that men will put upon you.Whereer ye go to feast or festival,No merrymaking will it prove  for you Oedipus utters these words to his daughters, Antigone and Ismene, at the end of the play before being cast out of the city. The introduction of these two characters foreshadows the plot  of another famous play by Sophocles, Antigone.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Essays

Blue Cross Blue Shield Essays Blue Cross Blue Shield Essay Blue Cross Blue Shield Essay The Changing Face of Blue Cross Blue Shield Betty Bogart Kaplan University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Betty Bogart, Student, Kaplan University, 1801 East Kimberly Road, Davenport IA 52807. The Changing Face of Blue Cross Blue Shield Since their founding as individual companies in the early 20th century, Blue Cross Blue Shield has grown to become one of the largest insurance companies in the United States. Blue Cross coverage for hospital care and Blue Shield coverage for physician visits grew to national coverage separately before merging to form the Association we know today. In 1929 Justin Ford Kimball developed a program to cover teachers for hospital treatment. It guaranteed them 21 days of hospital care for $6 dollars per year. This program was later extended to encompass other employee groups first in Dallas then nationally. The program became Blue Cross. The first Blue Cross Baby was born in a hospital in Dunham, North Carolina. This was the first birth in America to be covered by a health insurance certificate that included maternity benefits. In 1939 the American Hospital Association adopted the Blue Cross symbol for plans meeting certain requirements. The ties with the AHA were severed in 1970. In the early 20th century employers in mining and lumber camps of the Pacific Northwest developed a plan to cover employees by paying monthly fees to bureaus composed of groups of physicians. Officially the first Blue Shield Plan was implemented in California in 1939. The plan grew and was adopted by the Associated Medical Care Plan, a group of nine separate plans. Later the plan was renamed the National Association of Blue Shield Plans. Both programs grew to national coverage as the need for medical insurance continued to grow with industry. The two companies merged to form Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association in 1982. At the time the company was defined as coverage under social welfare plans and was thus tax exempt. In 1986 the tax reform act labeled the company a 501(m) organization which would be subject to federal taxation with special tax benefits under IRC 833. Following this change, BCBSA changed its policies to allow its licensees to be for-profit corporations. In 1984 the nation’s first heart transplant covered by Blue Shield Association was performed in Stanford University Hospital. This would pave the way for BCBSA to create the Blue Cross and Blue Shield National Transplant Network which would become the Blue Quality Centers for Transplant. Today it includes 60 transplant centers nationwide and covers transplants for heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow, and stem cell. In the mid 1990’s the Balanced Budget Act added the Medicare+Choice program. This allowed beneficiaries multiple health plans to choose from. By 2000, BCBSA processed the majority of Medicare claims. These claims alone totaled over 163 billion. In 2003 over 88 million Americans were covered by BCBSA liscensees. Today 38 companies comprise the BCBSA system which provides coverage for nearly 100 million people including all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Nationwide over 95% of hospitals and over 90% of professional providers contract directly with BCBSA companies. Coverage through BCBSA now includes the largest privately underwritten health insurance contract in the world. The FEP (Federal Employment Program) covers more than 5 million federal government employees, dependants, and retirees. The world of health care is an always changing one and BCBSA is no different. From starting as two separate small programs to growing into a leader in health care and technology, this association is an excellent example of how far the industry has grown and how far we’ve advanced in this country and as humans in general. From transplant research and technology to Medicare, BCBSA continues to stay at the head of the field in all aspects. From their humble origins of trial programs, Blue Cross and Blue Shield have always been on the cutting edge of new health care and technology. As one of the largest insurance Associations in the United states, BCBSA has continued to improve the quality of health care in the United States. Advancements such as Blue Cross Blue Shield National Transplant Network and Technologies Evaluation Center have proven the companies’ drive to continually improve health care in the United States. The biggest concern I have for the future of health care would be affordability. Some families still live paycheck to paycheck barely scraping by and the spiraling cost of health care and health insurance remains out of reach for them. Veterans and elderly benefits are cut to maintain cost while leaving some unfortunates behind. Un-insured people in America was a staggering 50 million in 2010 leading most to believe that something must be done to keep health insurance and health care affordable to everyone. No one should have to suffer without a physician’s care simply due to lack of insurance. References Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association ( bcbs. com/about-the-association) Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois (http://bcbsil. com/) Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employee Program (http://fepblue. org/) CNN Money (http://money. cnn. com/) Scott P. Serota, CEO Blue Cross and Blue Shield ( bcbs. com/about-the-association/officers/scott-serota. html)

Property law assignment task about self-declaration of trusteeship Essay

Property law assignment task about self-declaration of trusteeship - Essay Example Whereby, courts of chancery may have to strike a balance of conscience between â€Å"equity will not perfect an imperfect gift† and â€Å"equity looks at the intent not the form†. Where the settlor is the sole trustee there is no further requirement that the subject matter of the trust are vested in them, ‘constitution’ is automatic. The duality of ownership principle in this type of trust has been justified by three very prominent cases providing for varied approaches in their reasoning. The House of Lords case of Vandervell v IRC2 held that the settlor’s original equitable interest passes to the Beneficiary by the presumption of its existence ab inito. Whereas Lord Browne-Wilkinson in Westdeutsche Landesbank v Islington LBC3 proposed a different view of this reasoning stating, the original equitable interest as â€Å"dormant† and being â€Å"carved† out of the settlor’s legal interest. Also consider the case of Re DKLR Holdings 4 in the High court of Australia where Brennan J opines â€Å"An equitable interest is not carved out of a legal estate but impressed upon it†. This legal reasoning was also applied by McLelland J in the later case of re Transphere Pty Ltd. Practically these justifications form no part of judicial reasoning in reaching decisions but provide for the legal reasoning behind the creation of trusts. The first certainty the courts are looking to satisfy in an express trust is the certainty of intention i.e. words construed as to be imperative (Knight v Knight)5. Courts may apply deductive reasoning to ascertain or infer an intention but three requirements need to be satisfied to identify it. Firstly, â€Å"what did [the settlor] intend to be the sanction? Was it to be the authority of the court of Justice or the conscience of the devisee?†- LJ Christian (McCormick v Grogan)6. The word ‘trust’ is not important to legitimise the intention of the settlor to create a trust, only his intention of a binding obligation need be conveyed(Re Kayford)7. Secondly, the intention is made manifest (Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No.2)). Precatory words to benefit another are not sufficient (Jones v Lock)8 reaffirmed in Lambe v Eames9. Also the courts may take a different approach in finding such an intention in the contested declaration, it was held in Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury10 that the courts will consider the context of the words used as important and may infer an intention to create a valid trust. Thirdly, the test of construction of the manifested intent is objective irrespective of the settlor’s actual intentions (Gissing v Gissing)11. As mentioned earlier precatory words are not sufficient to ascertain a valid self-declaration of trusteeship but the courts have not gone so far as to particularize words deemed to be sufficient. In Richards v Delbridge it was stated that the settlor does not need to use particular words: ‘†¦he ne ed not use words ‘I declare myself trustee’, but he must do something which is equivalent to it, and use expressions which have that meaning.’ In Re Cozens, Neville J stated what was required in order to establish that an owner had effectively declared himself trustee of his own property: ‘†¦.in each case where a declaration of trust is relied on the Court must be satisfied that a present, irrevocable declaration of tru

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation Coursework

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation - Coursework Example In order to understand an employee’s right to imply law and regulation, to place an appeal against unfair dismissal, a case will be studied thoroughly. Lastly, the paper aims to study the maternity rights which are granted to the employees and how they accommodate in the present society. Background to the Context: Employment law has been considered as an integral area of law which has received imperative attention from international law as well. As evident from the provisions associated with the Employment Act, there are many guidelines, obligations, rights, and criteria for different cases and their consequences on both for the employee and the employer. Since there is an increased number of obligations, it has become a complexity for both the parties to implement relevant provisions in their respective cases. It should be noted that employment law is being practiced in almost every country of the world with their alliance to international labor law (Barnard, 2006). Part 1 (a ) Rights of Employees under Section 1- Employment Particulars During the period of employment, the employee and the employer both should be aware of their rights and authorities. i. Sub- Section 3 and 4: Where on one hand, it is important for the employer to have complete information and trust of the employee; ii. CONT: it is also very significant for the employee to know what his rights are and to know what he can claim in the case of a conflict with his employer. Employment Rights Act of 1996 clearly defines these situations for both of them. The section 1 of the law deals with the employment particulars and the employment statement. This section of the law is a kind of guideline for the employee to know what his rights are during employment and at the time of termination fair or unfair so they get to know what sort of word and conditions to expect from the tribunal in case of any breach from the employer(Barnard, 2006) Subsection 1 of Section1 states: Where an employee begins emp loyment with an employer, the employer shall give to the employee a written statement of particulars of employment† (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581) Under the statement of particulars of the section 1 subsection 1 of the Employment Rights Act of 1996, any employee is provided with a statement of particulars when he starts any job (Section 1, sub section1). 1 The subsection 2 of section 1 further explains the subsection 1 stating that: The statement may (subject to section 2(4)) be given in installments and shall be given not later than two months after the beginning of the employment (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581)† The statement of particulars must be given to the employee within eight weeks of the start of his employment (Section 1, Subsection2). Subsection 3 & 4: i. The section 1 of the law basically deals with this statement of particulars, the details and the terms and guidelines for the deal between the employer and the employee. ii. The statement has a list of thin gs entitled, from the name of the employee and the job description to the salary wages and its payment schedule (Section 1, Subsection3 & 4). As stated in the clauses of the Subsection 3 & 4: 3- â€Å"The statement shall contain particulars of: (a) the names of the employer and employee, (b) the date when the employment began† 4- â€Å".

Pollution Essay Example for Free

Pollution Essay Chapter I (AIR POLLUTION) I. Background of the study: * According to the study Metro Manila including Quezon City is much polluted because of the particles emitted by thousand of motor vehicles plying the streets/roads of whole Metro Manila and everyday they contribute to a large extent to the large smoky haze of the metropolis. Commuters like us students that are using jeeps, motorcycles, and other non-air-conditioned mode of transport have taken or prone to the harmful particles in the air. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are cancer causing pollutants chemicals that are release by the combustion process in the motor vehicles. Other studies shows commuters, residents and including like us are exposing to the harmful toxins in the air that can cause health risks including cancer. Other cause of Air pollution that can cause to our health is smoking and the second-hand smoke around the campus area, all we know smoking is very dangerous to our health but many of us are still smoking, the smoke from their cigarettes are also can harm the health of the non-smokers around health because the smoke from their cigarettes are containing chemicals like hydrogen cyanide, Benzene, formaldehyde and etc. that can harm to the health of others. * As we know STI COLLEGE FAIRVIEW is located REGALADO Ave. and regalado avenue is one of the busy roads of Quezon City and a lot of public and private vehicle travel around our campus/ area that’s why we are prone to AIR POLLUTION and the addition of the heavy smokers. Here are the some effects of air pollution according to DOH Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone are pollutants of serious health concern in Metro Manila; â™ ¦Motor vehicles are the major sources of particulate pollution in Metro Manila; â™ ¦Considerable morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases could have been prevented with better air quality in Metro Manila in 2002; â™ ¦For every 10ÃŽ ¼g/m3 increases in PM10, incidence rates for respiratory and natural mortality increase by 2.6% and 3.9%, respectively; â™ ¦Indoor PM10 increases as outdoor PM10 increases with cigarette smoking as significant contributor to indoor PM10 levels; â™ ¦ Better cooking fuel quality reduces occurrence of hospital admissions. Household using LPG as fuel for cooking has the lowest hospital admissions of 19.3% compared with those using wood (27.3%) and kerosene (25.3%). â™ ¦ Child Health: Incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases increases as level of exposure to particulate matter pollution increases; Asthma incidence rate is 14.9 per 1,000 population in high PM10 exposure area, 11.5 in medium exposure area and 8.2 in low exposure area. Significant risk factors for respiratory symptoms are age, indoor NO2 level, cooking fuel and educational attainment of mothers; There is a significant improvement in blood lead levels among children in Metro Manila. In 2003, only 34.6% of study children exceeded the US Centre for Disease Control guideline value of 10 ÃŽ ¼g/dl, an improvement from the 90.3% value in 2000. â™ ¦Adult Health: The type of household cooking fuel and number of smokers in the household are significant predictors of respiratory symptoms among adults; Fine particulate pollution contributes to events of respiratory symptoms and diseases The same study estimated the deaths in Metro Manila attributable to PM10 level above 50ÃŽ ¼g/m3 were from 230 to 390 persons II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM III. SCOPE LIMITATION * The scope of this study is the students of STI COLLEGE FAIRVIEW and other students of OLFU that are prone to air pollution and the students that having health problems like asthma and etc. * The limitation of smoking area for the smokers is atlease 10 meters away from the campus area.

Devil on the Cross by Ngugi wa Thiong’o Essays -- African Authors Ken

Devil on the Cross was written by Ngugi while he was imprisoned. He was held without trail by a government that tried to silence him. The out come was a book that was â€Å"One of the century’s greatest novels† by the Tribune. In the following passages I plan to explain the meaning of four characters that are affected by capital class. The speaker of the passage â€Å"She sat down on a box†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the gorgeous protagonist; Jacinta Wariinga. Jacinta Wariinga is a young beautiful black woman who easily stops â€Å"men in their tracks.† She is like Thanksgiving dinner, a feast for the eyes. Jacinta moves with grace when she is without self-conscious. Underneath all her beauty, she is a suicidal person who hates her blackness. Jacinta truly hates her blackness because she uses â€Å"skin-lightening creams.† The skin-lightening cream rejects her skin color because the cream knows â€Å"that which is born black can never be white†. She clearly suffers from Cultural Imperialism. Cultural Imperialism has wiped out the music, culture and art many. The military has taken over lands for their own personal use, economic stability can not be reached between classes because the gap between the rich and poor has increased and political power is the only thing of importance. The people are of no impo rtance because if they were better living conditions and necessary items would be more accessible. Jacintas’ color coated thinking has led her to believe â€Å"that her appearance [is] the root cause of all her problems.† Jacinta analysis’s her many problems with a small mirror. Jacinta is using a small mirror for petty problems when she needs to be using a mirror like the one in my room, 7feet tall by 5 feet wide. With that mirror she can examine all the cultural imperialism flaws and not just her materialistic problems. The small mirror depicts her problems to be petty. If Jacinta truly wanted to analyze all of her problems she should a use a mirror like the one in my room, 5’ by 7’, she can clearly notice all of her flaws. Ngugi, clearly tried to show that her problems are petty because the size of the mirror. The speaker of the passage â€Å"Have I been on the road all this time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is Robin Mwaura the â€Å"rapper.† Robin Mwaura is a false artist. He is a trickster, a con artist, in today’s society Robin Mwaura would is considered a rapper, a great one at that. Mwaura would be an excellent rapper because h... ...He thinks he does, but in reality he doesn’t. Professor Gatuirira is trying to create a lie, but he doesn’t know he is. Music can create art â€Å"for many human voices† when it is true. The art the professor is trying to create is false. It is a cross over from American culture to African culture. He has â€Å"yet found the tune† because it is all white wash. Nothing that the professor studies to create his national anthem is relevant to his current situation. Even though he thinks it is right to create a national anthem, there is a flipside to this. That reality that the professor fails to see includes factions and class struggle. Africa is plagued by gender and sexism. It makes it difficulty for women to find jobs. The exploitation of middle and lower class by the upper class is selfishness. The selfishness leads to high corruption because everyone is trying to get rich. Nothing of what the professor wants the people to sing is true. Devil on the Cross shows the affects of the capital class. The age of Enlightenment dealt with reason and progress. Where the capital class tries to roadblock the ideas of the age of Enlightenment, it is up to the people to pick up the ball and succeed!

The Role of Government in Policy Making

While reading Chapter 2 on The Role of Government in Policy Making, I noticed that in the text it stated that â€Å"all fields of practice are affected by the social and organizational policy made by judicial decisions. † (Donald E. Chambers and Kenneth R. Wedel. Published by Allyn and Bacon pg. 35). The YWCA provides women and children with several different services. It is vital that the organization is careful of what they are doing with their clients and observe the policies for these social programs.The judicial branch of the government has a lot of power over these social programs and can completely discontinue the program under certain circumstances. This is done in order to keep the organization consistent with court orders. â€Å"The judicial branch restricts or expands the power of government administrators and officials so that they are consistent with past court decisions, with governmental principles, and (sometimes) with the fundamental constitutional rights of citizens. † (Donald E. Chambers and Kenneth R. Wedel. Published by Allyn and Bacon).The laws that are put in place for this organization or organizations similar to the YWCA can influence the decision making and its day to day operations by a simple change in law. A change in law could mean that the requirements have been altered or changed and in order to service their clients properly, there are guidelines that need to be met. â€Å"The judiciary both creates anew and reshapes old social policy. (Donald E. Chambers and Kenneth R. Wedel. Published by Allyn and Bacon). I found that the YWCA has to only engage in activities related to its mission or purpose.â€Å"The Association may not engage in any activities that do not further the Mission or its purposes as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation and these Bylaws. † (http://www. cortlandywca. org/pdf/ywcabylaws07. pdf) Some of the laws read were very particular about the dos and don’ts of the organization. The information read shows that these laws put in place definitely influences the organizations decision making day-to-day operations. These changes that the judicial branch make keeps the organization on their toes in making sure they follow guidelines.The role that the court system or law played in shaping policies that affect the YWCA is pivotal. The courts are very involved in the evaluative process. â€Å"The public policy values the court is free to evaluate are related to but independent from the political values which motivated the existence or absence of a statute†. The court system benefits the YWCA tremendously considering they provide shelter and protection from abuse. â€Å"Each year the YWCA helps hundreds of individuals obtain protection from abuse orders, and provides victim support in criminal and civil court cases.The YWCA court advocate provides assistance to victims who are involved in the district court system. † (http://www. ywcaofwichita. org/pr ogram-court-advocacy. htm). Knowing that the court system can not only have a negative impact on the organization but also help women who are in an abusive situation, and get away from whatever the problem is, no matter what her financial situation may be. â€Å"Courts can shape and frame social policy in regard to administrative rulings as well as legislation. † (Donald E. Chambers and Kenneth R. Wedel.  Published by Allyn and Bacon).Reading this passage has help me to realize how the judicial system really affects non-profit organizations or organizations in general. Any organization that meets the guidelines of the judicial system are affected by its policies. Keeping organizations consistent with the court orders ensures the organization effective execution when dealing with clients. Whenever a judicial decision has been made it is important for that organization to be well informed so that there is no discontinuation of the program.Although the legislative and executiv e branches are elected by the people, the judicial branch is a presidential pick. It is very important to stick with the policies, and procedures and be prepared for any changes that may arise. Having a preview of how the organization and the government works when it comes to a particular situation helps to help me better prepare for future endeavors. These laws and judicial decisions affect organizations all around the world, it can be a benefit to all, if everyone is well informed on what is going on and what is to come.

Protestant Reformation: Review Activity

Objective: You are to practice creating essay outlines, the content of which will also assist you in reviewing for the quiz that will take place tomorrow.What you have to do:A. Review the example of a proper essay outline below and the example on the back. B. On separate sheets of paper create your own detailed outline in response to the essay question that follows (use your notes to assist you):1. Compare and contrast the motives, goals, and results of Martin Luther and Henry VIII in the movements that they led against the Roman Catholic Church. *Your outline should be at least two notebook pages in length.Essay Outline FormatI. Introduction A. Introductory sentence B. Thesis statement (can be 1 or more sentences)II. Body Paragraph #1 A. Topic sentence (an overarching introduction to the main point of this paragraph of evidence; it must relate or connect to the thesis) B. Identification of important details/evidenceIII. Body Paragraph #2 A. Topic sentence B. Identification of import ant details/evidenceIV. Body Paragraph #3 A. Topic sentence B. Identification of important details/evidenceV. Conclusion A. 1 or more sentences that summarize the main points of the essay. (It should not be a direct restatement of the thesis.)Essay Outline Example: Middle Ages v. RenaissanceEssay Question: Contrast the political, social, and religious structure of Medieval Europe and Renaissance Europe.I. IntroductionThesis: Medieval Europe differed greatly from Renaissance Europe in the areas of political structure, social norms, and religious influence.II. Political StructureA. Political Differences *Topic Sentence: The Medieval European style of feudalism contrasted greatly with the break from the same feudalistic system by the governing bodies of Renaissance Europe. 1. Medieval Europe was a feudal system.a.Kings. b. Nobles, c. Knights, d. Peasants (serfs) *Each group was dependent on the rest for survival. 2. Renaissance Europe broke away from the feudal system. a. Kings, b.Nobl es, c.Merchants/Middle Class, d. Peasaants *The bottom three groups had more opportunities for advancement.III. Social NormsA. Societal Differences *Topic Sentence: Another area in which Renaissance Europeans parted ways with Medieval Europeans was in social norms. 1.Medieval European life centered around the land and religion. a. Manorialismb. Little trade led to reduction in movement 2. Renaissance European life focused more on the worth and abilities of the individual to seek his or her own destiny. a. Increased trade created a middle class b. Reduced dependency on the landIV. Religious InfluenceA. Differing Roles of Religion *Topic sentence: In addition to political and societal differences, Medieval and Renaissance Europe also separated in their respective focus on religion. 1.Catholic life dominated Medieval Europe.a. Popes were often more powerful than secular rulers. b. Peasants could only find promise of a good life after death (heaven) 2.Renaissance Europe broke away from this focus on Catholicism to begin the inclusion of secular ideas. a. Growth of humanism b. Corruption of Church led to dislike of Church leadership. c. Attaining secular virtue through living a good life, rather than desiring to live a good life to attain spiritual virtue.V. Conclusion Renaissance Europe marked a departure from the norms of rigid political, social, and religious structures evident in Medieval Europe.

Molarity Definition as Used in Chemistry

Molarity Definition as Used in Chemistry In chemistry, molarity is a  concentration unit, defined to be the number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution. Units of Molarity Molarity is expressed in units of moles per liter (mol/L). Its such a common unit, it has its own symbol, which is a capital letter M. A solution that has the concentration 5 mol/L would be called a 5 M solution or said to have a concentration value of 5 molar. Molarity Examples There are 6 moles of HCl in one liter of 6 molar HCl or 6 M HCl.There are 0.05 moles of NaCl in 500 ml of a 0.1 M NaCl solution. (The calculation of moles of ions depends on their solubility.)There are 0.1 moles of Na ions in one liter of a 0.1 M NaCl solution (aqueous). Example Problem Express the concentration of a solution of 1.2 grams of KCl in 250 ml of water. In order to solve the problem, you need to convert the values into the units of molarity, which are moles and liters. Start by converting grams of potassium chloride (KCl) into moles. To do this, look up the atomic masses of the elements on the periodic table. The atomic mass is the mass in grams of 1 mole of atoms. mass of K 39,10 g/molmass of Cl 35.45 g/mol So, the mass of one mole of KCl is: mass of KCl mass of K mass of Clmass of KCl 39.10 g 35.45 gmass of KCl 74.55 g/mol You have 1.2 grams of KCl, so you need to find how many moles that is: moles KCl (1.2 g KCl)(1 mol/74.55 g)moles KCl 0.0161 mol Now, you know how many moles of solute are present. Next, you need to convert the volume of solvent (water) from ml to L. Remember, there are 1000 milliliters in 1 liter: liters of water (250 ml)(1 L/1000 ml)liters of water 0.25 L Finally, youre ready to determine molarity. Simply express the concentration of KCl in water in terms of moles solute (KCl) per liters of solute (water): molarity of solution mol KC/L watermolarity 0.0161 mol KCl/0.25 L watermolarity of the solution 0.0644 M (calculator) Since you were given mass and volume using 2 significant figures, you should report molarity in 2 sig figs also: molarity of KCl solution 0.064 M Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Molarity There are two big advantages of using molarity to express concentration. The first advantage is that its easy and convenient to use because the solute may be measured in grams, converted into moles, and mixed with a volume. The second advantage is that the sum of the molar concentrations is the total molar concentration. This permits calculations of density and ionic strength. The big disadvantage of molarity is that it changes according to temperature. This is because the volume of a liquid is affected by temperature. If measurements are all performed at a single temperature (e.g., room temperature), this is not a problem. However, its good practice to report the temperature when citing a molarity value. When making a solution, keep in mind, molarity will change slightly if you use a hot or cold solvent, yet store the final solution at a different temperature.

The Individual Markings of the Black Swallowtail

The Individual Markings of the Black Swallowtail The black swallowtail, one of North America’s most familiar butterflies, frequently visits backyard gardens. They are a very common sight and youve likely seen the butterfly and caterpillar quite often, especially near your vegetables.   How to Identify Black Swallowtails This large butterfly has black wings with yellow markings and a wingspan of 8 to 11 centimeters. The male displays a row of bold yellow spots, while the female’s spots are faded shades of yellow and blue. The black swallowtail’s colors mimic those of similar species, such as the giant or pipevine swallowtails. To identify the black swallowtail, look for a pair of black dots centered in larger orange circles on the inner edge of the hind wings. The black swallowtail caterpillar changes appearance each time it molts. In the last few stages of growth, it is white and green with black bands and yellow or orange spots. The black swallowtail is also known as the Eastern black swallowtail, the parsley worm, and the parsnip swallowtail. The last two names refer to the insects proclivity to feed on plants in the carrot family. Black swallowtails fall into the Papilionidae family, which includes other swallowtails: Kingdom – AnimalPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – LepidopteraFamily – PapilionidaeGenus – PapilioSpecies – polyxenes What Do Black Swallowtails Eat? The butterflies feed on nectar from flowers. Caterpillars feed on plants in the carrot family, which includes dill, fennel, parsley, and carrots. Life Cycle Like all butterflies, the black swallowtail undergoes a complete metamorphosis. The life cycle has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg - It takes 3-5 days for eggs to hatch.Larva - The caterpillar has five instars  (the stage  between molts).Pupa - The chrysalis stage lasts 9-11 days, or over the winter.Adult - Northern areas have one or two generations; southern areas may have three. Special Adaptations and Defenses The caterpillar has a special gland called an osmeterium that emits a foul odor when it is threatened. The orange osmeterium looks like a forked snake tongue. Caterpillars also ingest oils from the host plants  of the carrot family; the foul taste of the chemical in their bodies repels birds and other predators. The chrysalides of the black swallowtail can be green or brown, depending on the color of the surface to which they are attached. This form of camouflage keeps them hidden from predators. The adult butterfly is thought to mimic the pipevine swallowtail, which is distasteful to predators. Habitat and Range of Black Swallowtails You will find black swallowtails in open fields and meadows, suburban yards, and roadsides. They are most common in  North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Their range extends south all the way to the northern tip of South America and they are also present in Australia.

Advertisements Based on Fear Mongering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advertisements Based on Fear Mongering - Essay Example Recently advertisers have also started using ‘fear’ for selling products. Fear is an emotion that led people to make emotional choices. For instance, disinfectant advertisements showing the harmful effects bacteria may cause to humans (Tyagi & Kumar, 2004). The fear phenomenon works wonders. People get afraid of some things, or conditions get easily directed to buy the advertised products instead of getting inspired by the qualities only. Such advertising is also known as ‘shockvertising’ (Wells et al., 2011). On the other hand, the other method of advertising is by using ‘flattery’. Sometimes advertisers flatter the viewers by appreciating their choices, thoughts and notions on particular matters and then introduce the products that complement the viewers and provoke them for buying the advertised products (Armstrong, 2010). Either fear or flattery, both has found to be very effective depending on the type of the product and theme of the advert isement. In order to present the products or services to the audiences the advertisers select a suitable theme and based on it a narrative is written. The advertisement is filmed by using techniques of mise-en-scene, sound and editing to focus on highlighting the product feature to appeal maximum customers and meet the ultimate goal that is to raise the sales of the product. In this paper the Coca-Cola recent advertisement ‘Holidays are Coming’ will be analyzed based on the techniques (mise en scene, sound, editing and narrative) used in the advertisement (Coca-Cola Company, 2014). Coca-Cola rejoiced its customers by launching its classic ‘Holidays are Coming’ TV advertisement in order to celebrate Christmas (Coca Cola, 2014). The advertisement shows how seeing the huge sparkling Coca-Cola truck on the streets of their towns excites people. The commercial created hype for people of all ages including children, youth and adults as they would be a part of the campaign  when the truck would come to their towns and cities. The marketing director of Coca-Cola (UK) Zoe Howorth described the advertisement strategy as, â€Å"Coca-Cola has been spreading happiness in people on the Christmas event since long through its vibrant campaigns and Holidays are coming to the advertisement.  

Property Assessment Project Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Property Assessment Project - Research Paper Example t potential risks in a living area need to be carefully identified and the necessary steps taken to ensure that these threats are diminished or averted completely. Figure 1 contains an image of bottles that have not been given any labels. They have been placed at a strategic point, perhaps a table, for human use. Some of the bottles look similar in nature and have possibly been made out of the same materials. However, their contents differ depicting that they could indeed contain different items. These bottles contain something that is meant for human consumption. It is likely that various types of injuries could result if consumers gain access to such products. It is likely that should a consumer seek to consume these products, they could consume a potentially wrong product. There are consumers who are sensitive to certain products. This could be in the form of allergies, intolerances or simply aversions. Allergies could lead to potentially life threatening conditions such as anaphylaxis that require immediate medical attention. A consumer could have an allergy to some of the products used to design the items contained in these bottles making it potentially risky for them to consume (Grissinger, 2008). Intolerances and aversions can also lead to mild symptoms that could lead to mild irritation that could leave a completely bad taste in the consumers mouth. There are various regulations that have been stipulated as relates to food labeling. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, it is imperative that food companies label their products with the exact ingredients that have been used to formulate their products. In addition, any product that has been developed using a set of stipulated allergens must be labeled appropriately. This ensures that consumers are aware of the products they are consuming beforehand (Grissinger, 2008). Failure to comply with these regulations could mean a law suit. People can seek damages against the food

THE EARLY REPUBLIC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE EARLY REPUBLIC - Coursework Example He one time owned more than 40 slaves in his plantation in early 1774 including children belonging to his slaves who began working for him at the age of ten. People felt that his acts contradicted his belief where every human had a right to liberty. He was forced to abolish the slave trade, thus upsetting other elite planters who depended on slavery for their riches. Thirdly, Artisans in England consisted of individuals such as Paul Revere who is termed as a revolutionary of his time. In 1964, he opposed the British policies that touched on revenue, thus spending much of his time attending meetings and educating people through his anti-British slogans. One of the policies that he was upset at is referred to as â€Å"Resisting the Navigation Act† which restricted their trading practices with other people. (Andrews 31) Yeomen farmers occupied the smallest lands in the southern colonies an idea that made fee neglected by the government. Despite spending much of their energy working hard on their farms, they found themselves in powerful positions in the imperial government. The main reason Yeomen wanted political positions were for them to get a favorable channel where they could address their grievances such as the infringement of a free man’s right. Lastly, the frontier settlers included the Scots and Germans who were awarded a piece of land under the â€Å"Declaration of trans-Appalachian settlement policies† by King George III (Andrews 53). He declared that the mountainous land situated to the west of Appalachian would not be occupied by any white because it belonged to the Indians. The whites’ were upset with this decision because this land was not to be sold to them and that the existing residents were forced to

A play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s Essay Example for Free

A play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s Essay The Crucible is a play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s. The play was originally produced in 1953 at a time where McCarthyism was at its peak. This was a time of American paranoia when Americans believed that the Russians were planning start a war with them. The Americans accused members of the society of been a communist spy for the most trivial reasons. It was a situation of hysteria. This was very similar to the situation in Salem two hundred years earlier. The people of Salem would believe anyone to be a witch even if they had very little or no evidence. Salem was governed by theocracy this meant the church ran the local government, therefore they had orthodox religious beliefs. Arthur Miller compares these two situations to show that we all should learn from past mistakes. The past events in Salem contributed to the situation in 1950s America, this shows Causation. The title reflects the play because a crucible is a container used to expose its contents to very high temperatures, this can cause impurities to rise to the surface, its metaphoric meaning is a place of severe test or trial. In the play eighteenth century Salem becomes a Crucible, Judge Danforth creates a situation in which he is trying to force the supposed witches to the surface and purify Salem. Miller uses dramatic techniques to maintain the audiences interest the message that Miller conveys is to learn from your mistakes and not to jump to conclusions. Abigail changes the way she acts when interrogated by Hale. Abigail has previously been perceived as a dynamic and powerful individual however when Rev. Hale questions her she comes across as very desperate and paranoid. This is shown when Abigail says, I am a good girl, a proper girl. She attempts to make herself out to be a model Puritan, Parris and Hale are manipulated but the audience knows that Abigail is no telling the truth, this is dramatic irony. The playwright Arthur Miller presents Abigail to be extremely deceptive and two-faced, as he wants the audience to dislike her. This is shown when Abigail notices an opportunity to blame Tituba for the unchristian and unlawful activities that she has committed. For instance Abigail blames Tituba for making her laugh in the middle of prayer and for waking her in the night and Abi finds herself naked. Miller does this to give an insight of the sin Tituba is not given the chance to object or justify Abigails accusations. An example of this is Mister Reverend, I never. And Hale interrupts her by saying Tituba I want you to wake this child. Reverend Hale is not interested in Titubas defence but her satanic influence. This shows that Hale does not pity Tituba he hears that which he wishes to hear. This reveals that the citizens of Salem will believe what they are told, they follow the majority. When Tituba enters the room Abigail immediately puts the blame on her. This shows that Abigail was under a lot of pressure, so much so that she transferred the blame onto the first person that entered the room. Tituba was not expecting Abigail to blame her. She shows this when the stage directions are shocked and angry Tituba previously considered Abi to be a loyal and honest person. Tituba has misinterpreted Abigails character. Miller increases the tension as the audience sympathises with the slave since her English is bad and she is been tricked into admitting something she has not done. When Abigail mentions the word blood, Parris Mrs Putnam and Tituba all repeat it. This reveals that the incident that took place in the forest was not as innocent as was first thought. It shows that in fact it was a lot more sinister. The repetition of this key work creates tension since repetition creates a sense of hysteria. Miller reveals this information to increase the audiences interest. The characters that repeat the word blood are insecure and gullible.

Could biotechnology solve food shortage problem? Essay -- Hunger, FAO,

Food shortage is a global problem and tragedy of the world. There are almost 1 billion people who suffer from incessant hunger. Every 6 seconds a child dies from hunger (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010). It is unacceptable that number of hungry people is so high. Hunger is continuous, serious and structural problem, which could not be solved in one day. Different world organizations, scientists, economists, politics care about undernourished people and try to find ways for reducing their number. Fortunately, according to FAO in 2010 noted the reduction of hunger of 9.6 percent from 2009 level. Most of all it decreased in Asia, there are 80 million less hunger people. Africa is the only area where poverty and hunger are going on to increase. The number of Africans living on less than one dollar per day has increased 50 percent for the last fifteen years (Paarlberg, 2008). 239 million people of sub- Saharan Africa suffer from malnutrition (FAO, 2010). It is 25.8% of all hungry people in the world. Why are so many Africans still hungry? What are the reasons of their poverty? In general, main reasons are political instability, poorly developed economy, nonproductive farming, etc, but each country has special details. This project will investigate whether subsistence farmers of sub-Saharan Africa can use biotechnology’s advantages. Economy based on subsistence agriculture. For solving malnutrition problem, we need to solve poverty problem, because if people will have jobs, safety place to live, and education they get enough money for food. Now Africa is poor, economy of sub-Saharan Africa’s countries based on agriculture, applying for almost 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment and most of pe... ...ieve new level of economy when sub-Saharan Africans will work and have enough food for stable and safe lives. Of course, advantages of biotechnology is very useful for enhancing product’s quality, nutrition , for protecting parts of plant like root from different diseases, but for solving food shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa it is essential to solve economical problems. In example of some countries it is clear to notice that food shortage is consequence of poverty. To sum up, sub-Saharan Africa need help from abroad – infestations. Africa has good potential; there are a lot of minerals, precious metals. Also there are good conditions for tourism industry. For example, Ethiopia could develop tourism industry. Wild nature, rich history, ancient towns attract people around the world. Thinking about future it is important to invest to qualified education.

Likert Scales

A Closer Look at the Age, Peers and Delinquency Relationship Daniel P. Mears and Samuel H. Field Western Criminology Review 4 (1), 20-29 (2002) Introduction: Research Summary: Two suppositions were explored. First, a communal association between delinquent peer-groups and the significance of age as it is influencedamong older youth. The second (keeping in the direction of the theoretical focus), epitomized that substance-abuse-related offenses would have a greater correlation in the relationship between delinquent peers and age. For each violation dependent variables were used, with each offender asked the specific amount of times the offense was committed in the past year. â€Å"The mean values for the offenses, range from a low of . 05 for burglary to a high of 24. 00 for the use of marijuana. † (Mears & H. Field,2002). The analysis with regard to the deviant self-reported acts uncovers the fact that there is a significant age/peer interaction for each violation, omitting hitting someone. The principal finding to note is,†that the expected pattern of age/peer interactions is most evident for using marijuana; getting drunk; and, to a lesser extent, selling illegal drugs, using prescription drugs, burglary, and the offense index. The steady progression in the increasing effect of peers for these offenses can be seen by noting the size and direction of the increase in the interaction coefficients from one age to the next†(Mears & H. Field,2002). For the crimes of: cheating, damaging property, stealing items less than $5, and more than $50, and hitting someone, the nature and tenacity appear to be less apparent. With regard to these offenses, the effects of the â€Å"influence-of-peers-relationship,† seem to lessen. The researchers gave additional analysis to examine the effects of the linkage between heightened delinquency that may be reinforced by increased influence of peers and reducedtime spent with the family model. When included, the variables of peer influence and family time left no discernible significance on the interaction of the age/peer association. Personal Opinion regarding Research: The authors did look at relevant and pertinent data. Samplings from the study were taken from households across United States, as evidenced by the NYS Wave 3 data, and adolescents were selected from the ages of 13-19. The NYS data was used, â€Å"because of its considerable methodological attention given to the NYS and because of the general agreement as to their reliability and validity† (Mears & H. Field, 2002). Mandatory steps were taken to ensure the offenses were of high variances, by creating the index and standardizing individual offense counts. Standardizing the individual offense was necessary to ensure that offenses with high variances (e. g. , using marijuana) did not overly influence the resulting index† (Mears & H. Field, 2002). I found the article to be informative as well as interesting. Mears and fields, speculative evidence suggesting that increased exposure to delinquent peers exerts a unique impact on the inclination of older youth to engage in drug offending (using marijuana, getting drunk, selling ille gal drugs, and using prescription drugs), was very compelling to me. There are many studies and much evidence to suggest that substance abuse is embedded within peer interactions. Adolescents are expected to participate in drug-related deviant acts, with marijuana and drunkenness at the forefront. It was equally interesting to see how the aging peer influence played into this study. Conclusion: While there does seem to be an interactive relationship existing between age and delinquent peer associations (for some offenses). The research was directed more to the drug-related offenses and the relationship between age and delinquent peer associations. The researchers pointed out that with thisinteractive age/peer relationship, delinquency increases with peer influence among older youth. The data from the NYS was pertinent, relevant, and convincing. The findings open other areas for further investigation, such as â€Å"age/peer interactions using longitudinal data. † (Mears & H. Field,2002). Although, I found the data to be factual and valid, I did take note that the data from wave one was collected in 1976, and the data collected from the third wave (present study), was collected in 1978. The only recommendation I would have is to perform similar analysis on current data to add a stronger foundation to Mears and fields, 2002 findings. (Mears & H. Field, 2002) Mears, D. P. , & H. Field, S. (2002). A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship. Retrieved from Excelsior College Virtual Library Web site: http://Retrieved from http://wcr. sonoma. edu/v4n1/mears. html

Bradford City Fire Essay

1.0 Introduction Working within the events sector it is highly likely that you will be faced to deal with certain risks and hazards that could occour. Risk has to be managed and can be done in a manner of ways. Some risks may be controlled by good management but others are inevitable and uncontrollable but dealing with the aftermath of uncontrollable risks can be done effectively. Guidelines and regulations are put in place to reduce risk at events but it is also down to yourself. 2.0 Bradford City Fire This disaster occoured on Sautrday 11th Mayb 1985 at Valley Parade Stadium and is still widely talked about today. A football mtch between Bradford City an d Lincolnd city took place but a great fire started resulting in 56 fatalaties and 256 injuries. 2.1 Identifying the risk The obvious risk is the fire, from the attached video in appendix you can see the start of the fire is very small and I don’t think anyone thought it would escelate to the etent that it did. The fire was first noticed at 3.40pm just 5 minutes before half time. It was noticed three rows from the back of G block in the Valley Parade ground. At first swtewards requested firefighting equipment but soon realised it was burning out of control and polie and stewards started to evacuate people from the stand. As you can see in the video it only took 4 minutes for the whole of the roof and wooden stands to become ablaze. In appendix it is reported that supporters towards the back tried to escape through the back but foun d that the gates were locked. Should the gates have been locked? And if they were why were they still loced in such an emergency? 2.2 Identifying the cause There has never been one definite cause or reason for the start of the fire but many similar reasons. The Daily Mail article in appendix reported that the cause was â€Å"a match or cigarette end dropped onto rubbish that had accumulated under the main stand at Cvalley Parade an turned the wooden structure into inferno† While an article by The Guardian suggests that litter that had developed over the years had contributed the blaze â€Å"The police officer responsible for searching the debris of the burnt-out stand told Popplewell he found litter which had been there for years, including a 1968 copy of the local newspaper† I think the cause of the fire may have been a smoke flare which encouraged the fire by the sheer negligence of not keeping the stands clean and tidy as a newspaper from 17 years prior to the event was discovered during the clean up of the disaster. A magazine article from Infochem in 2010 (issue 234) suggests the same that the fire was started by a cigarette or match and was encouraged buy built up litter but then goes on to reveal tht â€Å"Bradford City FC had been repeatedly warned about the litter posing a fire risk and had plans to upgrade their stand at the end of the season as they were to be promoted for the next season† So the fact that they had been repeatedly warned about the litter surely the stadium should have done something sooner rather than later like in this situation. 3.0 Impact of the risk It is clear from the death toll and injury numbers that many people have been affected by this , not only the mental and physical scarring of the people injured but also the families and friends of those who lost their lives that day. A report from the Independent found in appendix backs this up by describing his story of being told his father was in a special burns unit and was to have skin grafts on his hands. Also showing the severity of the outcome of the injuries a plastic surgeon Professor David Sharp and other plastic surgeons from around the UK were brought in. They operated on around 25 people in the first day while the total needing medical attention was 80. 3.1 Changes as a result of the event This may not be a direct change due to the disaster at the ground that day as this was put into practice in 2007, 22 years after the disaster but im sure it has something to do with it. Bradford City Football Club released a statement to become much more stricter on the non smoking policy. It can be found in appendix . From the introduction of the anti smoking legislation it became apparent that not all supporters were abiding by the rules and ignoring the no smokig signage in certain parts of the stadium. As suggested that a cigarette may be the main cause of the disaster you wuld of thought they would have been more forceful with this rule in the first place. They say that they feel sufficient warning have been given anf that swtard are instructed to eject anyone who is caught smoking witin the stadium. Also that anyone who wishes to leave the stadiun to smoke will not be re admitted under any circumstances. The main thing that came out of this disater was The Poppywell enquiry, this was to revise the Safety at Sports SGrounds Act 1975. From this they changed it to the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act. One change that came out of this was to have a maximum number of attendees in stadiuns which is presently set at 10,000. This helps keep an eye on numbers and from a health and safety point of view allows the emergency services to calculate appropriate numbers for if another disaster was to happen. Also from the Poppywell enquiry came that the â€Å"Green Guide† should be revised. The Green Guide gives advice and ensures that people have a strong idea on how safety should be handles at large sporting events. 4.0 Risk strategy methodology There are 4 types of risk response strategies, these are; avoidance,reduction,retention and transference. Risk avoidance is the removal of risk liabilities or hazards. This can be done by changing certain procedures that have a high risk, removing or decreasing risk sources and substituting the less hazardous options. Sometimes risks are far too high and may not be able to be reduced at all and the only answer is to cancel or get rid of the whole idea. Risk reduction is the reduction of the severity caused by the impact. It’s done by reducing the probability of it occurring, It is basically to reduce the seriousness of the outcome should a accident occur. This is done by methods such as protecting yourselves and others and having a good security system. Risk retention is applies to small risks as the cost of insuring yourselves and others against the risk would be substantially larger than the total losses so no special efforts are made to control the risk. This doesn’t mean that the risks are ignored but are closely monitored to ensure they don’t happen again. Risk transference is the allocation of risk to a third party not yourself, which is obtained by purchasing insurance cover.