THE EARLY REPUBLIC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE EARLY REPUBLIC - Coursework Example He one time owned more than 40 slaves in his plantation in early 1774 including children belonging to his slaves who began working for him at the age of ten. People felt that his acts contradicted his belief where every human had a right to liberty. He was forced to abolish the slave trade, thus upsetting other elite planters who depended on slavery for their riches. Thirdly, Artisans in England consisted of individuals such as Paul Revere who is termed as a revolutionary of his time. In 1964, he opposed the British policies that touched on revenue, thus spending much of his time attending meetings and educating people through his anti-British slogans. One of the policies that he was upset at is referred to as â€Å"Resisting the Navigation Act† which restricted their trading practices with other people. (Andrews 31) Yeomen farmers occupied the smallest lands in the southern colonies an idea that made fee neglected by the government. Despite spending much of their energy working hard on their farms, they found themselves in powerful positions in the imperial government. The main reason Yeomen wanted political positions were for them to get a favorable channel where they could address their grievances such as the infringement of a free man’s right. Lastly, the frontier settlers included the Scots and Germans who were awarded a piece of land under the â€Å"Declaration of trans-Appalachian settlement policies† by King George III (Andrews 53). He declared that the mountainous land situated to the west of Appalachian would not be occupied by any white because it belonged to the Indians. The whites’ were upset with this decision because this land was not to be sold to them and that the existing residents were forced to

A play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s Essay Example for Free

A play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s Essay The Crucible is a play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s. The play was originally produced in 1953 at a time where McCarthyism was at its peak. This was a time of American paranoia when Americans believed that the Russians were planning start a war with them. The Americans accused members of the society of been a communist spy for the most trivial reasons. It was a situation of hysteria. This was very similar to the situation in Salem two hundred years earlier. The people of Salem would believe anyone to be a witch even if they had very little or no evidence. Salem was governed by theocracy this meant the church ran the local government, therefore they had orthodox religious beliefs. Arthur Miller compares these two situations to show that we all should learn from past mistakes. The past events in Salem contributed to the situation in 1950s America, this shows Causation. The title reflects the play because a crucible is a container used to expose its contents to very high temperatures, this can cause impurities to rise to the surface, its metaphoric meaning is a place of severe test or trial. In the play eighteenth century Salem becomes a Crucible, Judge Danforth creates a situation in which he is trying to force the supposed witches to the surface and purify Salem. Miller uses dramatic techniques to maintain the audiences interest the message that Miller conveys is to learn from your mistakes and not to jump to conclusions. Abigail changes the way she acts when interrogated by Hale. Abigail has previously been perceived as a dynamic and powerful individual however when Rev. Hale questions her she comes across as very desperate and paranoid. This is shown when Abigail says, I am a good girl, a proper girl. She attempts to make herself out to be a model Puritan, Parris and Hale are manipulated but the audience knows that Abigail is no telling the truth, this is dramatic irony. The playwright Arthur Miller presents Abigail to be extremely deceptive and two-faced, as he wants the audience to dislike her. This is shown when Abigail notices an opportunity to blame Tituba for the unchristian and unlawful activities that she has committed. For instance Abigail blames Tituba for making her laugh in the middle of prayer and for waking her in the night and Abi finds herself naked. Miller does this to give an insight of the sin Tituba is not given the chance to object or justify Abigails accusations. An example of this is Mister Reverend, I never. And Hale interrupts her by saying Tituba I want you to wake this child. Reverend Hale is not interested in Titubas defence but her satanic influence. This shows that Hale does not pity Tituba he hears that which he wishes to hear. This reveals that the citizens of Salem will believe what they are told, they follow the majority. When Tituba enters the room Abigail immediately puts the blame on her. This shows that Abigail was under a lot of pressure, so much so that she transferred the blame onto the first person that entered the room. Tituba was not expecting Abigail to blame her. She shows this when the stage directions are shocked and angry Tituba previously considered Abi to be a loyal and honest person. Tituba has misinterpreted Abigails character. Miller increases the tension as the audience sympathises with the slave since her English is bad and she is been tricked into admitting something she has not done. When Abigail mentions the word blood, Parris Mrs Putnam and Tituba all repeat it. This reveals that the incident that took place in the forest was not as innocent as was first thought. It shows that in fact it was a lot more sinister. The repetition of this key work creates tension since repetition creates a sense of hysteria. Miller reveals this information to increase the audiences interest. The characters that repeat the word blood are insecure and gullible.

Could biotechnology solve food shortage problem? Essay -- Hunger, FAO,

Food shortage is a global problem and tragedy of the world. There are almost 1 billion people who suffer from incessant hunger. Every 6 seconds a child dies from hunger (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010). It is unacceptable that number of hungry people is so high. Hunger is continuous, serious and structural problem, which could not be solved in one day. Different world organizations, scientists, economists, politics care about undernourished people and try to find ways for reducing their number. Fortunately, according to FAO in 2010 noted the reduction of hunger of 9.6 percent from 2009 level. Most of all it decreased in Asia, there are 80 million less hunger people. Africa is the only area where poverty and hunger are going on to increase. The number of Africans living on less than one dollar per day has increased 50 percent for the last fifteen years (Paarlberg, 2008). 239 million people of sub- Saharan Africa suffer from malnutrition (FAO, 2010). It is 25.8% of all hungry people in the world. Why are so many Africans still hungry? What are the reasons of their poverty? In general, main reasons are political instability, poorly developed economy, nonproductive farming, etc, but each country has special details. This project will investigate whether subsistence farmers of sub-Saharan Africa can use biotechnology’s advantages. Economy based on subsistence agriculture. For solving malnutrition problem, we need to solve poverty problem, because if people will have jobs, safety place to live, and education they get enough money for food. Now Africa is poor, economy of sub-Saharan Africa’s countries based on agriculture, applying for almost 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment and most of pe... ...ieve new level of economy when sub-Saharan Africans will work and have enough food for stable and safe lives. Of course, advantages of biotechnology is very useful for enhancing product’s quality, nutrition , for protecting parts of plant like root from different diseases, but for solving food shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa it is essential to solve economical problems. In example of some countries it is clear to notice that food shortage is consequence of poverty. To sum up, sub-Saharan Africa need help from abroad – infestations. Africa has good potential; there are a lot of minerals, precious metals. Also there are good conditions for tourism industry. For example, Ethiopia could develop tourism industry. Wild nature, rich history, ancient towns attract people around the world. Thinking about future it is important to invest to qualified education.

Likert Scales

A Closer Look at the Age, Peers and Delinquency Relationship Daniel P. Mears and Samuel H. Field Western Criminology Review 4 (1), 20-29 (2002) Introduction: Research Summary: Two suppositions were explored. First, a communal association between delinquent peer-groups and the significance of age as it is influencedamong older youth. The second (keeping in the direction of the theoretical focus), epitomized that substance-abuse-related offenses would have a greater correlation in the relationship between delinquent peers and age. For each violation dependent variables were used, with each offender asked the specific amount of times the offense was committed in the past year. â€Å"The mean values for the offenses, range from a low of . 05 for burglary to a high of 24. 00 for the use of marijuana. † (Mears & H. Field,2002). The analysis with regard to the deviant self-reported acts uncovers the fact that there is a significant age/peer interaction for each violation, omitting hitting someone. The principal finding to note is,†that the expected pattern of age/peer interactions is most evident for using marijuana; getting drunk; and, to a lesser extent, selling illegal drugs, using prescription drugs, burglary, and the offense index. The steady progression in the increasing effect of peers for these offenses can be seen by noting the size and direction of the increase in the interaction coefficients from one age to the next†(Mears & H. Field,2002). For the crimes of: cheating, damaging property, stealing items less than $5, and more than $50, and hitting someone, the nature and tenacity appear to be less apparent. With regard to these offenses, the effects of the â€Å"influence-of-peers-relationship,† seem to lessen. The researchers gave additional analysis to examine the effects of the linkage between heightened delinquency that may be reinforced by increased influence of peers and reducedtime spent with the family model. When included, the variables of peer influence and family time left no discernible significance on the interaction of the age/peer association. Personal Opinion regarding Research: The authors did look at relevant and pertinent data. Samplings from the study were taken from households across United States, as evidenced by the NYS Wave 3 data, and adolescents were selected from the ages of 13-19. The NYS data was used, â€Å"because of its considerable methodological attention given to the NYS and because of the general agreement as to their reliability and validity† (Mears & H. Field, 2002). Mandatory steps were taken to ensure the offenses were of high variances, by creating the index and standardizing individual offense counts. Standardizing the individual offense was necessary to ensure that offenses with high variances (e. g. , using marijuana) did not overly influence the resulting index† (Mears & H. Field, 2002). I found the article to be informative as well as interesting. Mears and fields, speculative evidence suggesting that increased exposure to delinquent peers exerts a unique impact on the inclination of older youth to engage in drug offending (using marijuana, getting drunk, selling ille gal drugs, and using prescription drugs), was very compelling to me. There are many studies and much evidence to suggest that substance abuse is embedded within peer interactions. Adolescents are expected to participate in drug-related deviant acts, with marijuana and drunkenness at the forefront. It was equally interesting to see how the aging peer influence played into this study. Conclusion: While there does seem to be an interactive relationship existing between age and delinquent peer associations (for some offenses). The research was directed more to the drug-related offenses and the relationship between age and delinquent peer associations. The researchers pointed out that with thisinteractive age/peer relationship, delinquency increases with peer influence among older youth. The data from the NYS was pertinent, relevant, and convincing. The findings open other areas for further investigation, such as â€Å"age/peer interactions using longitudinal data. † (Mears & H. Field,2002). Although, I found the data to be factual and valid, I did take note that the data from wave one was collected in 1976, and the data collected from the third wave (present study), was collected in 1978. The only recommendation I would have is to perform similar analysis on current data to add a stronger foundation to Mears and fields, 2002 findings. (Mears & H. Field, 2002) Mears, D. P. , & H. Field, S. (2002). A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship. Retrieved from Excelsior College Virtual Library Web site: http://Retrieved from http://wcr. sonoma. edu/v4n1/mears. html

Bradford City Fire Essay

1.0 Introduction Working within the events sector it is highly likely that you will be faced to deal with certain risks and hazards that could occour. Risk has to be managed and can be done in a manner of ways. Some risks may be controlled by good management but others are inevitable and uncontrollable but dealing with the aftermath of uncontrollable risks can be done effectively. Guidelines and regulations are put in place to reduce risk at events but it is also down to yourself. 2.0 Bradford City Fire This disaster occoured on Sautrday 11th Mayb 1985 at Valley Parade Stadium and is still widely talked about today. A football mtch between Bradford City an d Lincolnd city took place but a great fire started resulting in 56 fatalaties and 256 injuries. 2.1 Identifying the risk The obvious risk is the fire, from the attached video in appendix you can see the start of the fire is very small and I don’t think anyone thought it would escelate to the etent that it did. The fire was first noticed at 3.40pm just 5 minutes before half time. It was noticed three rows from the back of G block in the Valley Parade ground. At first swtewards requested firefighting equipment but soon realised it was burning out of control and polie and stewards started to evacuate people from the stand. As you can see in the video it only took 4 minutes for the whole of the roof and wooden stands to become ablaze. In appendix it is reported that supporters towards the back tried to escape through the back but foun d that the gates were locked. Should the gates have been locked? And if they were why were they still loced in such an emergency? 2.2 Identifying the cause There has never been one definite cause or reason for the start of the fire but many similar reasons. The Daily Mail article in appendix reported that the cause was â€Å"a match or cigarette end dropped onto rubbish that had accumulated under the main stand at Cvalley Parade an turned the wooden structure into inferno† While an article by The Guardian suggests that litter that had developed over the years had contributed the blaze â€Å"The police officer responsible for searching the debris of the burnt-out stand told Popplewell he found litter which had been there for years, including a 1968 copy of the local newspaper† I think the cause of the fire may have been a smoke flare which encouraged the fire by the sheer negligence of not keeping the stands clean and tidy as a newspaper from 17 years prior to the event was discovered during the clean up of the disaster. A magazine article from Infochem in 2010 (issue 234) suggests the same that the fire was started by a cigarette or match and was encouraged buy built up litter but then goes on to reveal tht â€Å"Bradford City FC had been repeatedly warned about the litter posing a fire risk and had plans to upgrade their stand at the end of the season as they were to be promoted for the next season† So the fact that they had been repeatedly warned about the litter surely the stadium should have done something sooner rather than later like in this situation. 3.0 Impact of the risk It is clear from the death toll and injury numbers that many people have been affected by this , not only the mental and physical scarring of the people injured but also the families and friends of those who lost their lives that day. A report from the Independent found in appendix backs this up by describing his story of being told his father was in a special burns unit and was to have skin grafts on his hands. Also showing the severity of the outcome of the injuries a plastic surgeon Professor David Sharp and other plastic surgeons from around the UK were brought in. They operated on around 25 people in the first day while the total needing medical attention was 80. 3.1 Changes as a result of the event This may not be a direct change due to the disaster at the ground that day as this was put into practice in 2007, 22 years after the disaster but im sure it has something to do with it. Bradford City Football Club released a statement to become much more stricter on the non smoking policy. It can be found in appendix . From the introduction of the anti smoking legislation it became apparent that not all supporters were abiding by the rules and ignoring the no smokig signage in certain parts of the stadium. As suggested that a cigarette may be the main cause of the disaster you wuld of thought they would have been more forceful with this rule in the first place. They say that they feel sufficient warning have been given anf that swtard are instructed to eject anyone who is caught smoking witin the stadium. Also that anyone who wishes to leave the stadiun to smoke will not be re admitted under any circumstances. The main thing that came out of this disater was The Poppywell enquiry, this was to revise the Safety at Sports SGrounds Act 1975. From this they changed it to the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act. One change that came out of this was to have a maximum number of attendees in stadiuns which is presently set at 10,000. This helps keep an eye on numbers and from a health and safety point of view allows the emergency services to calculate appropriate numbers for if another disaster was to happen. Also from the Poppywell enquiry came that the â€Å"Green Guide† should be revised. The Green Guide gives advice and ensures that people have a strong idea on how safety should be handles at large sporting events. 4.0 Risk strategy methodology There are 4 types of risk response strategies, these are; avoidance,reduction,retention and transference. Risk avoidance is the removal of risk liabilities or hazards. This can be done by changing certain procedures that have a high risk, removing or decreasing risk sources and substituting the less hazardous options. Sometimes risks are far too high and may not be able to be reduced at all and the only answer is to cancel or get rid of the whole idea. Risk reduction is the reduction of the severity caused by the impact. It’s done by reducing the probability of it occurring, It is basically to reduce the seriousness of the outcome should a accident occur. This is done by methods such as protecting yourselves and others and having a good security system. Risk retention is applies to small risks as the cost of insuring yourselves and others against the risk would be substantially larger than the total losses so no special efforts are made to control the risk. This doesn’t mean that the risks are ignored but are closely monitored to ensure they don’t happen again. Risk transference is the allocation of risk to a third party not yourself, which is obtained by purchasing insurance cover.