Heart of darkness :: essays research papers

Joseph Conrad drove a brave life and invested alot of his energy adrift, the greater part of his books and short stories are approximately founded on a portion of his experinces. His motivation for Heart of Darkness originated from his movements to the African Congo, where he saw the revulsions of subjugation and the terrible real factors of Imperialism. These experinces reflect all through the book and give it an unpleasant authenticity. Presently to the summary: Heart of Darkness is the story of a man named Marlow, a sailor and drifter. It is told through his eyes and from his POV utilizing the first individual account aside from the begining where an unamed storyteller and couple of men(Marlow included)gather in a vessel on the stream Thames and Marlow continues to recount to the tale of his movements in the Congo and experinces in what he portrays as the dim heart of the world - the African Congo(at that time it was still basically a dark blemish on the guide with a couple of english settlements took care of and out). He starts his excursion on a French Man of War hitching a ride towards the congo where he has been employed to skipper an old steamer docked at mouth of the Congo stream simply close to the focal Ivory station run by the British. At the point when he shows up at the station he is appalled by the attiudes of his kindred Brits as they appear to be excessively distracted with Ivory and the cash that can make from it, while abusing the locals for the said purposes. He before long ends up Isolated from "the pilgrims" and centers around fixing the steamer which has been ignored since the past captain was executed. Marlow hears notice of a man named Kurtz, a confounding Ivory poacher who runs a station in the furthurmost edges of the Congo. Before long word comes in that Kurtz is sick and may pass on if help isn't sent and its our man Marlow who is palced with the undertaking. So Marlow and crew(a handfull of explorers and some local canibals on a severe eating regimen of hippo meat) are going up waterway looking for Kurtz at the same time Marlow is getting progressively disengaged and expelled from his kindred travelers. Marlow sees something in the locals that he doesnt find in the explorers - mankind. They might be savages however at any rate they have restriction, Marlow thinks, really Marlow thinks alot, he begins to ponder about Kurtz.

Comparing Death in Araby and The Metamorphosis Essay -- comparison com

Passing in Araby and The Metamorphosis   Numerous perusers have remarked on the complexity of light and dimness in the story Araby by James Joyce. Maybe the passing of the cleric in Araby adds to the murkiness that the kid encounters when he is considering Mangan's sister, as stood out from the light he encounters when he is quite her quality. It is intriguing that the demise of the cleric doesn't turn out to be so dull until Mangan's sister is presented. In the primary scene where the kid visits the minister's old room, he scavenges around and discovers a few fortunes, including paper-secured books, and the late inhabitant's corroded bike siphon. There is no feeling of agony here, truth be told, the kid is by all accounts having a great time investigating and finding things, and thinks back about how the cleric had been an entirely magnanimous minister in a somewhat detached way. Be that as it may, later, after the kid's pulverize on Mangan's sister has been presented, this dead minister's room assumes a totally different personality. This is where the kid withdraws on a blustery night while his feelings are stirring inside him. It is not, at this point a spot to investigate, however has taken on right around a sacrosanct character. Here the kid encounters his most enthusiastic snapshot of weird petitions and acclaims, squeezing the palms of his hands together until they trembled, mumbling: 'Goodness Love! Goodness Love!' commonly. You can nearly feel the nearness of the dead cleric in the room on this dim blustery night as the kid is asking, such that you would not feel his quality in the event that he were only in the midst of a get-away. The way that he has passed on here in this very room adds to the dramatization and it heightens the kid's feelings. Possibly the kid was imagining that the minister was watching him from he... ...ere truly what the family expected to begin living their own lives. In this story the passings of Gregor serve to make clear where he truly remains in the family, and what the genuine circumstance is. In the event that he had not transformed into a bug and at last kicked the bucket, neither he nor the family would have ever realized that what he was accomplishing for them wasn't generally helping them. Gregor's demises likewise demonstrated that the family didn't generally think that much about him, and weren't that appreciative for his penances. It draws out the difference between what Gregor was eager to accomplish for his family (bite the dust) and what his family was happy to accomplish for him (not without a doubt). They needed to dispose of him once his condition began requesting a lot from them. Gregor's passing transforms him into a kind of grievous legend. On the off chance that the story finished in an unexpected way, I figure perusers would feel less thoughtful towards him.  

The Magic of a Paper Outline

The Magic of a Paper Outline (2) It’s 11 p.m., your paper is due tomorrow, and you’re only about halfway done. You’re typing along and when you realize that, waityou’re actually not a huge fan of your argument or the supporting examples you’re using. Your options are to haphazardly keep writing or to backtrack and rehash what you’ve already done. Ugh. Unsurprisingly, both options aren’t great. This scenario is scary, but totally avoidable! Though it’s tempting to just start writing, one of the best steps you can take before you type a single word is to create an outline for your paper. By taking the time to write a paper outline, you can prevent the scenario above and make your writing process a cinch! What is a paper outline? A paper outline is a skeletal version of your paper. Another way to think about an outline is to view it as a roadmap. An outline helps you organize and streamline your thoughts ahead of time. By front loading this work, you allow the eventual writing process to be much easier: instead of having to backtrack and see if your paper makes sense, you can refer to your outline and be rest assured that you’re on the right track. Why it’s worth writing an outline It’s understandable if you think it’s not worth the time to write an outline. After all, writing a paper in itself is a lot of work why add an extra step? Here’s the secret: creating an outline and then writing your paper takes about the same amount of time as jumping straight into writing your paper. Why? By immediately writing, you run the risk of having to go back and see if the flow of your paper makes sense. Backtracking takes up a lot of time: having to go back and revise your paper because you missed a point can be a pain. Taking the time to outline your paper gives you the space to see what arguments work, which examples to include, and more. Doing this prep work ahead of time prevents you from having to do it while in the middle of your paper. Your completed outline serves as a solid reference as you write your assignment. In an ideal world, your outline should be so thorough that the writing process is essentially just you converting your bullet points into sentences that flow together! How to outline a paper Step 1: Gather your relevant materials The first step to take when outlining a paper is to gather all your relevant materials. If you’re writing a paper about a book you’re reading in class, start thinking about which passages from the book are relevant to your prompt. If you’re writing a paper about a broader topic, identify what sources you’ll need to construct your argument. Pro tip: Avoid plagiarism and keep track of the sources you’re using at ! Easily create an APA or MLA format citation, try out our Chicago citation generator, and find help for other citation styles. Step 2: Create your thesis After you’ve compiled your materials, start thinking about your thesis statement. Revisit your assignment prompt, peruse your materials, and determine what your viewpoint is regarding the prompt. Step 3: Find examples Once you have your thesis, come up with ways to support it. Identify the quotes you need or the arguments you want to utilize in order to bolster your thesis. Step 4: Analyze Your Examples Write 3-4 bullet points connecting your examples to your thesis. The analysis part of your paper is the meat of your paper, so feel free to take as much time as you want during this step. Step 5: Arrange Your Examples Now that you have your examples and analysis, arrange them in a logical way that helps you develop and support your thesis. This is the step in which you can start copying and pasting your notes into an outline that mimics the flow of your paper. By the end of this step, you should have a solid outline! An example Here’s a template for a five paragraph essay you can use for your papers moving forward: Before you jump into writing your paper, it might pay to take a quick look at our EasyBib grammar guides. Discover what an abstract noun is, read a determiner definition, see the difference between regular and irregular verbs, and get familiar with other parts of speech.

The Mental Health Counseling Is A Field Of Great...

Clinical Mental Health counseling is a field of great opportunity and great responsibility. When counselees walk into the therapist’s office, they are often at one of the lowest points of their lives, bringing with them a lifetime of hurts, questions, and crises. The counselor’s view of the Gospel must be full enough to encompass the life of the hurting person. In those moments, a counselor will rely on years of hard work and discipline to make decisions that impact a person for life. A counselor must be prepared to do everything right yet still have the client walk away gaining nothing. Biblical counseling requires excellence in mind, personal discipline, and compassion, driven by a desire to glorify God and faith in His grace and sovereignty. There is nothing like Biblical counseling to see the Gospel work. Personal experience Working with people Because I believe so strongly that God is calling me to this type of ministry, I want to say that I am a qualified candidate for this position, but I am also greatly aware of how I personally fall short of such a high standard. I do believe that God has shaped my past experiences, personal qualities, and hopes for the future to prepare me for His this calling. For example, I have had the opportunity to work with some amazing ministries that have taught me the responsibility and joy of working with hurting people. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working in the pro-life field in various capacities. My freshman year, IShow MoreRelatedHistorical Background Of Mental Health Counseling1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe counseling field is ever growing with many employment opportunities, but yet it is very competitive. Mental health counseling is one of the specializations in the counseling field. The American Mental Health Counselors Association stated that mental health counselors are â€Å"highly-skilled professionals who provide flexible, consumer-oriented therapy†(2016). Mental health counselors offer a wide range of services, such as: â€Å"assessment and diagnosis, psychotherapy, treatment planning and utilizationRead MoreCareer Of Marriage And Family Therapy1553 Words   |  7 Pagesinteresting area of Psychological study. This field offers adults and children resources to help cope with potentially damaging psychological issues within the family unit. Marriage and Family t herapist offer an opportunity for spouse to reconcile their differences, while helping children understand the family hardships and issues. Marriage and Family therapist help couples, families and groups that deal with issues that have affected their mental health. This is to help redeem such problems as alcoholRead MoreMental Health Treatment And Rehabilitation1624 Words   |  7 Pages are diagnosed with a mental illness in any given year (â€Å"Any Mental Illness† n.d.). The insights and expertise that social workers in the mental health field can provide are needed now more than ever. The following four agencies specialize in mental health treatment and rehabilitation. The Adult Mental Health Division (AMHD) of the State of Hawaii Department of Mental Health serves adults who require counseling services, those who have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness, adults who haveRead MoreThe Personality Tests On Indiana Career Explorer1118 Words   |  5 Pagestests gave me a couple of examples of fields I would be successful in, it told me what values may be important to me in a workplace environment. I feel these assessments were spot on and I have more confidence in my ability to be successful in my career choice. According to the Kuder Career Interests assessment, I would be very successful in the following categories: professional support services, teaching and training, counseling and mental health services, health informatics, and therapeutic servicesRead MoreMy Life I Have Not Always Chosen The Right Career Path1604 Words   |  7 Pagestime, also I wanted to pursue a career, and so my thought was, do I quit working or take night classes: it was not an easy decision to make providing, that I was a single mother with responsibilities, but I somehow decided to quit my job. Meanwhile, I decided to pursue a career in teaching that eventually led to Counseling/Psychology. I knew this career path would not be easy; there would be obstacles and challenges that would come my way. However, I was determined to succeed at whatever the cost wouldRead MoreCounseling: Mental Health Counselor1320 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿U03A1_ COUNSELING SPECIALIZATIONS AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS_ARezendes Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the history of counseling; specifically how school counseling and mental health counseling came to be. I will also examine the key philosophies of the counseling profession including, wellness, resilience, andRead MoreImmigration Is The Strongest Forces That Has Shaped Recent History1281 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggles that today s immigrants face. Keywords: Immigrants, stressors, struggles  Group Counseling with Immigrants Thirteen million refugees and about 100 million immigrants have moved across borders within the last several decades (Potocky-Tripodi 2002). Global changes that have currently occured account for an unprecedented movement of individuals across the world in search of better opportunities and conditions. Immigration is the strongest forces that has shaped recent history (MarsellaRead More Psychiatry as a Career Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesand enjoy a diverse selection of movies, music, and reading material. I enjoy studying photography, biology, along with human behavior. Psychiatrists treat patients who have mental illnesses and help diagnose them. They strive to find solutions for their patients mental disorders. It can and usually does, involve counseling for the patient and sometimes their family as well. Medication can be prescribed to help with chemical imbalances, some of these are caused by their emotional problems. SometimesRead MoreEssay On Social Work1637 Words   |  7 Pagesneeded, many responsibilities, and difficult cases. In the social work field there are many kinds of social workers to focus on. Mental health and substance abuse social workers help clients who have mental conditions or dealing with addiction. Healthcare social workers work with patients to help make arrangements to their lifestyle to contribute to their needs. Clinical social workers help treat their clients who have mental, behavioral, or emotional disorders. They may offer counseling sessionsRead MoreThe Council For Accreditation Of Counseling And Related Educational Programs2128 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract In 1981, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs was established (CACREP, 2016b). Before its official establishment it went through challenges. These challenges were for CACREP to be an accrediting agency for masters- and doctoral-level programs and establishing a Commission on Standards Implementation (Sweeney, 1992). CACREP has six standards for which current and future accreditation programs must follow (CACREP, 2016c). The purpose of these standards

Idioms and Expressions in Context

Its important to learn and use idioms and expressions in context. Of course, idioms are not always easy to understand. There are idiom and expression resources that can help with definitions, but reading them in short stories can also provide context that makes them come more alive. Try reading the story one time to understand the gist without using the idiom definitions. On your second reading, use the definitions to help you understand the text while learning new idioms. After you understand the story, take the quiz at the end of each reading to test your knowledge. Teachers can print out these short stories and use in class in combination with teaching ideas provided at the end of this resource list. Idioms and Expressions in Context Stories Johns Keys to SuccessA story about a man was an accomplished businessman and happily gives advice to young people he mentors. Odd Man OutA story about a man who gossiped a little too much at parties making him the odd man out anytime he joined the fun. Young and FreeA short story about what it takes to be successful in a small company. Its good preparation for young adult English learners who are college age. My Successful FriendHere is a story about a mans friend who has had a very successful career. The Road to SuccessHere is a short essay on how to succeed in todays difficult economic environment. It makes good reading for business English classes. For Teachers Use these idioms in context stories with your advanced-level classes to provide context for learning common idioms in English. Each short story of two to three paragraphs provides approximately 15 idioms. These idioms are then defined following the story followed by a short quiz testing a number of idioms from the selection. Following this introduction to the idioms in context, you can practice use of the idioms in a number of ways. Here are a few ideas: Ask students to write their own short stories using the idioms in context.Have students write dialogues using the idioms to act out in class.Group students together to create their own gap fill quizzes for other groups.Write up questions using the idioms presented and discuss as a class or in groups.Make up situations that fit each idiom on-the-fly and ask students to choose the idiom that fits best. Learning Idioms in Context   You might wonder how you can recognize an idiom when you are reading a book, online or perhaps watching TV. Here are a few tips on how you can spot an idiom: Idioms dont actually mean what they say. Thats right, the actual meaning of the words dont necessarily indicate the meaning of the idiom. Lets take a look at a few: Remember my son, the early bird catches the worm.   This idiom means that its important to get up and get to work in order to succeed in life. Of course, early birds probably catch worms as well! However, the meaning has nothing to little to do with the words.   Idioms can seem out of context. You can be sure youve spotted an idiom if you notice that the words have little to do with the context. For example, lets imagine that youre in a business meeting. Someone says: Well, itll be smooth sailing after this quarter. If youre in a business meeting, you dont expect to be talking about sailing on the open sea. This is an example of something out of context. It doesnt fit in. Thats a sure sign that it might be an idiom.   Idioms are often phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs can be literal or figurative. Literal means that the words mean exactly what they say. For example: I picked up the bag. In this case. pick up is literal. Phrasal verbs, can also be figurative pick up also means to learn: She picked up some Spanish in Madrid.   Idioms are often figurative phrasal verbs as well. Use these queues and youll start recognizing idioms in context everywhere you look and listen.

Instant Gratification Brave New World - 1368 Words

Instant Gratification Brave New World is about a dystopian society in which people live after one thing: satisfaction. The pain of childbearing and family upbringing is replaced with the mass manufacturing of babies, along with intense conditioning that has citizens trained to not worry, be upset, be dramatic, or be â€Å"queer†. The people are focused on working, appeasing their sexual desires, playing games, and other entertaining pastimes. The pursuance of constant, instant gratification is what makes this dystopia go round, where no problems arise where all needs are appeased with no complications. In case of one falling out of happiness, one will always have access to a euphoria-inducing drug to restart. Neil Postman said that Aldous†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœI’d rather be myself,’ he said. ‘Myself and nasty. Not somebody else, however jolly.’ (Huxley 60). Bernard is initially upset with something that his society does to maintain consistent satisfaction: the use of soma, a drug that instills ecstasy within its user without the inconvenient drawbacks of normal drug/alcohol usage. He is afflicted by the fact that one would use soma to essentially ignore their problems and â€Å"fake† their emotions. This dissatisfaction carries on with his viewpoint on how his society treats women, â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat.’ Bernard ground his teeth. ‘Have her here, have her there.’ Like mutton. Degrading her to so much mutton† (Huxley 33). As a rule, â€Å"everyone belongs to everyone†, and Bernard believes women are treated disgracefully and only for the use of sexual pleasure. This also contributes as â€Å"laughing instead of thinking† that afflicts him, as well as, finally, the thrill of pastimes as an everyday activity outside of work, compared to individualist hobbies and mental activities (discussion): â€Å"Then what about a round of Electro-magnetic Golf at St. Andrew’s? But again, no: Bernard considered that Electro-magnetic Golf was a waste of time. ‘Then what’s time for?’ asked Lenina in some astonishment. Apparently, for going walks in the Lake District; for that was what he now proposed...‘Alone with you, Lenina.’ ‘But,Show MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreA Brave New Word by Aldous Huxley634 Words   |  3 PagesIn Aldous Huxley’ s â€Å"Brave New World†, the idea that a utopian society cannot exist without constant consumption is constantly juxtaposed. This reliance on consumption was created by weaning out the concepts of nature, religion, and self. The people of the â€Å"Brave New World† have no choice but to consume if they want to have any form of contentment with their lives. However, there is one character who is not content with consumption to see that the concept of consumption and utopia cannot go handRead MorePreventing a Brave New World; Cloning of Human Embryos Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing a Brave New World | Abstract Leon Kass’s provides a compelling article on why the world should ban cloning. Kass’ article, â€Å"Preventing a Brave New World†, provides Kass’ theories of if society progresses on its current path, society would start to turn to cloning as an alternative to typical reproduction. Cloning offers a way to design an offspring rather than the typical experience of child raising. Kass believes if cloning is not banned, society will be more dependentRead MoreEssay on Distortion in Brave New World630 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, Huxley exaggerates the fact that a world that strives for stability must eliminate individualism and relationships. One major distortion in Brave New World is the prevention of individualism. In order to live in a Utopia, a person cannot be an individual. Huxley makes this clear from the first page of the novel, revealing the World State’s motto of â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability.† Conformity is what this society strives for. Individuals cannot make up a community, which is whyRead MoreChristina Contreras. Mr. Limon. Erwc. 01 March 2017. The912 Words   |  4 PagesPostman’s Assertions in Today’s Society: Huxley’s Brave New World could be considered almost prophetic by many people today. It is alarmingly obvious how modern society is eerily similar to Huxley’s novel with the constant demand for instant gratification encouraging unnatural changes. Neil Postman, a contemporary social critic, seems to have noticed this similarity as he has made very bold, very valid statements regarding the text and its relevance to our world today. This statement is strongly in supportRead MoreTechnology And Technology : Brave New World1547 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Brave New World warns of the dangers of giving the state control over new and powerful technologies. One illustration of this theme is the rigid control of reproduction through technological and medical intervention, including the surgical removal of ovaries, the Bokanovsky Process, and hypnopaedic conditioning. Another is the creation of complicated entertainment machines that generate both harmless leisure and the high levels of consumption and production that are the basis of the World State’sRead MoreEssay about Huxleys Message in Brave New World971 Words   |  4 PagesHuxleys Hidden Message Aldous Huxley has a humanistic, deep and enlightened view of how society should be, and of what constitutes true happiness. In his novel, Brave New World, he shows his ideas in a very obscure manner. Huxley presents his ideas in a satirical fashion. This sarcastic style of writing helped Huxley show his views in a very captivating and insightful manner. The entire novel describes a dystopia in which intimate relationships, the ability to choose ones destiny, and the importanceRead More Presentation of satire in Brave New World Essay examples811 Words   |  4 PagesSavage in the hospital); discern presentation of satire and how it is wrought. In Brave New World Huxley is targeting consumer, materialistic attitudes that existed in his time (and still do today) and extrapolating, then projecting them into the world that is the World State, to serve as a warning to society of the consequences of these attitudes. The passage in question is from Chapter XIV of Huxley’s Brave New World, and more specifically features the incident in which the ‘Savage’, John, visitsRead MoreNeil Postman s Assertions And Today s Society990 Words   |  4 PagesAssertions and Today’s Society: Huxley’s Brave New World could be considered almost prophetic by many people today. It is alarmingly obvious how modern society is eerily similar to Huxley’s novel with the constant demand for instant gratification encouraging laziness, greed, and entitlement. Neil Postman, a contemporary social critic, seems to have noticed this similarity, as he has made bold, valid statements regarding the text and its relevance to our world today. This response is strongly in supportRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Brave New World1791 Words   |  8 PagesIn both texts, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World it is clear from the start the societies show a heavy reliance on state control as a means of maintaining the dystopian civilizations. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a powerful presentation of a dystopian society under the influence and control of a totalitarian government. Orwell uses the character of Winston as a vehicle to explore the extent of the governments ’ oppressive techniques. Through clever use of free indirect speech as

Data Resource Management Natural Resource

Question: Describe about the Data Resource Management for Natural Resource. Answer: Introduction Overview of the business issue BHP Billiton is an Australian based globally active company that deals in natural resource generation and exportation. Inability of Data management: Some of the issues faced by BHP Billiton are problems of data lost, inability for maintenance of large amount of data, and data infiltration. The company has to maintain huge amount of data about its customers, clients, stakeholders, and inventory system (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). Privacy issues: The database of BHP Billiton consists of various amounts of data that is confidential in nature. The interest of their stakeholders is in achieving the services from the organization without risking the information. However, the growth and development of technology has made the information in the database at stake. There are means by which the information can be extracted without taking consent from the database administrator. Research Approach There are four main types of research approach that can be followed for researching about the security issues with the data resource management. The four types of research methods are Quantitative research, Qualitative research, Pragmatic approach for research, and Participatory research (Noshadi et al., 2013). Among these four research approaches the pragmatic is the best way for dealing with the research problem and not getting caught in the philosophical debates. This process of research has many benefits over the rest other research approaches. The pragmatic research approach would be helpful for implying the methods of both qualitative and quantitative method of research. The techniques and procedures can be altered and modified in pragmatic research approach as per the requirements of the research (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). It is evident that each of the step or method in research procedure has some limitations and complementary methods would be helpful for overcoming these limitations. The pragmatic method had helped in researching the security problems of data resource management for BHP Billiton. More than one research method can be used at the same time in this pragmatic research approach (Noshadi et al., 2013). Triangulation and data analysis are some other features of the pragmatic research method. Literature review Hacking of the Times Newspaper for data extraction According to Perlroth (2013), Chinese hackers have infiltrated the computer system of New York Times for extracting information and data. A report titled Hackers in China Attacked The Times for Last 4 Months, was published in The New York Times of Edition on 30th January, 2013. It clearly pointed out that the Chinese hackers have persuasively hacked into the database system of the Times. They extracted the information and passwords of the reporters and employees of the Times. It showed the security slackness of the data resource management at the Times. The information was stored in the information system database used at the Times. The technical experts of the Times get to know about the infiltration of the system after four months. The hackers constantly hacked the information system of the Times in the period of four months (Storey, 2014). The computer security expert at Times realized the attack when news was posted online in Times stating that the relatives of the prime minister of China had occupied huge amount of fortune. The security team found out that the hackers have got into the accounts of David Barboza (Bureau chief of Times in Shanghai) and Jim Yardley (Bureau Chief of Times South Asia). The security experts have not found out any proof of whether the report has been tampered, accessed, or downloaded. The penetration on the Times computer system was first done from the computers available at the universities of the United States. The hackers have routed the attack from these computer systems. It was similar type of attack that has been observed in Chinese Military (McKenzie, Neiger Thackeray, 2016). However the Times security experts have confirmed that the data and information of the customers have not been stolen. The attacks have been on a very complex scale that has showed signs of involvement of the professional hackers. These professional hackers have increased their range from spying on locals to big organizations, activist groups, government agencies, and media newspaper (Storey, 2014). The hackers have targeted western areas for stealing their trade secrets and different resources of news. They have been trying to anticipate the news and information for harming the image of the Chinese leaders among the people. They have stolen information from over 30 journalists and made a convenient grip on the contacts, files and email ids of these journalists. It is not the first time that the information system of United States has been compromised. Iran had also hacked the information system of banks and oil and gas corporations in US (McKenzie, Neiger Thackeray, 2016). Russia had used the hacking against its vengeance with Georgia in the year of 2008. The security team back tracked the attack a nd came to know that the hackers used to work regularly and they used to work till midnight with the hacking processes. The technology used for hacking by the hackers was such that whenever the users of the emails click on the link, the information could be accessed to the hackers. It was possible with the help of remote access tool for draining off the passwords, screen images, and documents. Illegal extraction of information from Sports Analytics An article titled Hackers strike out: Recent cases of alleged sports analytics IP theft has been posted in the Journal of Sports Analytics, IOS Press Content Library (Edition 2015, vol. 1). According to Frankel (2015), the article has focused on the scenarios of using modern technology for attacking the privacy of the information about sports. There have been some cases on the infringement, misappropriate use of the information or theft of the intellectual property of the sports analytics. There are various trade secrets and laws aligned to the sports activities. Two examples of cases where such infringement had occurred are National Football Scouting v. Rang and Houston Astros (Nabrzyski, Schopf Weglarz, 2012). In the first case of National Football Scouting v. Rang, there was a registration of federal court case. The issue was some disputes in the trade secrets and copyright patent of the sports analytics. The second case was of infiltration of the database of the proprietary data base of Houston Astros (Olanrewaju et al., 2016). The database containing the sports analytics was being hacked and the data were extracted or theft from the analytic system. The elements of data analytics are computer programs, statistical compilations, confidential business, and player evaluations data. These should be kept private for protecting the trade secrets of the organization (Nabrzyski, Schopf Weglarz, 2012). The development of technology has made it evitable for getting into the system and extracting the information from it. The information like fielding ability of players or playing attributes are all being recorded on the technology based structures. The technological advancement has also made it liable for being extracted from the database. The sports associations are facing many problems due to the infiltration of the data and information about the sports person (Olanrewaju et al., 2016). The trade secrets are defined for formulas, methods, compilations, and patterns. The main problem that the association faced due to data and information leakage is that their opponent could gain the player statistics. For example if the opponent team wou ld have the information about a good player, his or her strong attributes, and weak attributes, they would form strategies against the player (Matsuda et al., 2013). It would harm the play and the team whose players information has been leaked could lose. The companies that provide the data analytics for the sports association are also under threat of data theft. Their methods of data storage, compilation methods, and analysis tools could be duplicated or used by their rival companies (Matsuda et al., 2013). The plan made by any one company would be made available for their opponent or rival company. Hence, their time, money, and effort would be wasted. The rivals after gaining information about the company could successfully market control and customers. Therefore it is important for protecting the trade secrets by taking some measurable steps and actions. Results The result of the research can be explained by the Zachman framework for research study. Scope of research Model of Research System model Technological Model Details Who (People) Employees and Stakeholders Pragmatic research Tier Structure ER system diagram Role What (Data) Data Security Quantitative Database model Information system Data When (Time) Initial stage Event model Diagram of Event Specification of Event Event How (Role) Process list Model of processing Diagram of processing Function specification Process Where (Site) Internet Sources Location model Diagrams of location Specification of location Place Why (Motivation) Security Impact Relationship goal Rules Diagram Specification of rules Rules The Zachman Framework has shown that the research process consists of five main stages. They are scope, model, system model, technological model and details of the research (Stakutis et al., 2014). In this research there are only three stages of Zachman valid, and it can be explained in the following headings. Scope: According to Chen and Zhao (2012), the scope of the research is in the analysis of the data security methods. The research would help in understanding the extent to which the security threats are affecting the data resource management of BHP Billiton. The information system of BHP Billiton consists of large sets of data and information stored in stack format. The information is managed by the use of data administration or data resource management (Modi et al., 2013). The research would provide ample knowledge about the ways of the data resources can be managed securely. The various security issues of the data administration could be understood from the assignment. Model of research: The research approach that has been used for the assignment is pragmatic (Modi et al., 2013). The pragmatic research model had helped in quantitative analysis of the people elements in the BHP Billiton organization. On the other hand the hybrid structure of the research approach has made it possible for qualitative analysis of the data from different Internet sources (Stakutis et al., 2014). The research model used for research is best in this topic of data resource management. Details of the Research: The details of the research consist of elements such as data, processes, and events (Chen Zhao, 2012). The research activity would be eased if the data, processes and events are synchronised and they are managed on an individual scale. Discussion The discussion of the research process would help in interpretation of the measures of data security of the data resource management. The research has been done on the topic of security issues of the data administration or data resource management (Power, Sharda Burstein, 2015). The data security could be established by applying the security measures in the system. The study has helped in understanding the security issues and forming strategies for dealing with these issues. Design failures and suggestion for improvement of security design The security of the data resource management has to face the issue of design failure (Al Ameen, Liu Kwak, 2012). The security designs of the information management system or data administration system have to be validating with the current system and database. The failure of the design would lead to the formation of security issues in the deployment model. The design failure would result in security slackness and problematic processing. The key administration frameworks are intended to guard the security keys (Pitoura Samaras, 2012). However the examination group regularly discovered that the encryption keys are put away on organization circle drives. Database chairmen in some cases inaccurately trust on the system and these keys are left on the account of database discontent. Problems in Deployment and Use of SQL injection The security designs of the data resource management would have to be deployed without any issue (Power, Sharda Burstein, 2015). The database of the system could face problems while deploying the system security design in the BHP Billiton. The deployment could be failed due to minor problems in structure. A popular method for dealing with the hackers is SQL injections. The security had remained a critical problem in the protection of enterprise databases (Peltier, 2016). Applications are attacked by injections, and the database administrator is left to clean up the mess caused by contaminated variables and malicious code which is inserted into strings and later passed to an instance of SQL server for parsing and execution. Data theft and Avoidance from theft and fraud The integrity of the database would have to be maintained for database system (Al Ameen, Liu Kwak, 2012). The integrity of the database would help in successful implementation of the administration of the data. The database could be lost in the process of deployment. The buffer flow of the database administration vulnerability would leave to demonstration of the system compactness. The security measures would help in protecting the information system from the theft or fraud (Davis Squibb, 2015). The databases security system would enhance the security and protect the system from outside interference. The sensitive data would be protected from the access of non authorizing party. The BHP Billiton would be able to protect their data and information like stakeholder information, taxation data and legal obligations from its rivals. Issue of Data leaks and Privacy and Confidentiality implementation The database of the BHP Billiton would always be in threat of data leak by hackers and cyber criminals (Donald et al., 2013). The security issues of the information system would also give rise to the leakage of data. The absence of strong database security would give rise to the chance of data infiltration and un-authentic access. The confidentiality and privacy is very important for any business system (Peltier, 2013). The data like customers information and sales data must be kept at high notch. The privacy or confidentiality hindrance of this information would result in damaging the company. Hence the BHP Billiton could protect these data and maintain their data system by using the security features of the data resource management. Problem of Inconsistencies, Segregation and forming Integrity The administrator of the database system would have to make sure that the data is secured in a systematic and classified system (Borkar et al., 2012). The lack of segregation would result in the security issues of the database. The absence of segregation duties and administrator power would result in occurrence of frauds and theft. The database of the research process has to be consistent and compact for getting better results (de Melo et al., 2016). The database processing would be effective when the database is consistent and well maintained. However, the disruption in the data stored would result in abrupt database structure. It would lead to several issues including security issues. The data stored from various department of the BHP Billiton could be merged on a single platform (Ifinedo, 2014). The storage area of the data resource management would help in securing the data and forming an integrated storage for the BHP Billiton. It would ease the operations and increase the perfo rmance of the organization. Hence the security of the database and information in BHP Billiton is important. The best ways to protect against these threats are to protect web-facing databases with firewalls and to test input variables for SQL injection during development. Some other recommendations for security measures include Secret word Protection and Firewall implementation. These recommendations have been explained below: Secret word Protection: All records and assets must be ensured by passwords which meet the accompanying necessities, which must be naturally implemented by the framework: Must be no less than eight characters in length (Bielova, 2013) Must NOT be lexicon or basic slang words in any dialect, or be promptly guessable Must incorporate no less than three of the accompanying four attributes in any order, upper case letters, bring down case letters, numbers, and extraordinary characters, such as*!@#$%^*. Must be changed in any event once every year Firewall implementation: Database frameworks must be secured by a firewall which permits just those approaching associations important to satisfy the business need of that framework (Escobar-Alegria Frongillo, 2013). Customer frameworks which have no business need to give arrange administrations must deny every single approaching association. Frameworks that give arrange administrations must utmost get to those administrations to the littlest sensibly reasonable gathering of hosts that need to contact them. Conclusion The report has shown that the Data Resource Management has to face several issues like design failures, problems in deployment, database lost, data leaks, slackness in segregation, and inconsistencies. Hence the security of the information system must be made strong for protecting the information system from external hindrance. The data and information security could be established by the use of authentication, authorization, secret word protection, and firewall implementation. The security of the data resource management would help in avoiding the theft and fraud of data by hackers and cyber criminals, privacy and confidentiality of information and integrity in the database structure. References Al Ameen, M., Liu, J., Kwak, K. (2012). Security and privacy issues in wireless sensor networks for healthcare applications.Journal of medical systems,36(1), 93-101. Bielova, N. (2013). Survey on JavaScript security policies and their enforcement mechanisms in a web browser.The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming,82(8), 243-262.] Borkar, V., Carey, M. J., Li, C. (2012, March). Inside Big Data management: ogres, onions, or parfaits?. InProceedings of the 15th international conference on extending database technology(pp. 3-14). ACM. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Davis, D. C., Squibb, J. (2015). Policies, Procedures, and Devices Used by US Hospitals for HiPAA Privacy and Security Compliance.Communications of the IIMA,4(2), 7. de Melo, G., Kacimi, M., Varde, A. S. (2016). Dissertation Research Problems in Data Management and Related Areas.ACM SIGMOD Record,44(4), 53-56. Donald, A. C., Oli, S. A., Arockiam, L. (2013). Mobile cloud security issues and challenges: A perspective.International Journal of Electronics and Information Technology (IJEIT), ISSN, 2277-3754. Escobar-Alegra, J. L., Frongillo, E. A. (2013). 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G.I. Jane Essays - Films, G.I. Jane, Women In The United States Navy

G.I. Jane G.I. Jane The film G.I. Jane takes place in the 1990's and shows discrimination of a women in the United States Navy. Lieutenant Jordan O' Neal played by Demi Moore, is a naval intelligence officer who has ambitions of moving beyond her military desk job, to become a member of the Navy Seal. Thanks to the political maneuvering of a female senator, O' Neal becomes the first female candidate for the Navy Seals. The Seal's are the military's elite Special Forces team. O' Neal becomes the guinea pig of senator Lillian DeHaven in this film. DeHaven bullies the Navy into taking O'Neal as a Seal recruit in order to become the first female member of the Navy Seal. O'Neal is put through a series of tests and her main obstacle is Master Chief John Urayle, a man so menacing that the music slows down each time he enters a scene. 60% percent of all male recruits quit or do not make the cut, O' Neal must overcome this statistic and others to become a part of Navy Seals. The most memorable scenes in the entire film are two extended music sequences in which Demi shaves off all her lovely locks, and does one-armed push-ups in a tight tank top. Her struggle is about survival of the fittest. This is made plain by three words spoken by O'Neals words that become sort of the mantra for the movie "Suck my - - - -". What these words means is that O' Neal has become fully assimilated, she has transformed into a lean mean fighting machine. What DeHaven and O'Neal's superiors and peers did not realize was that she dose not just try but she succeeds. She makes it through the horrifying grueling rigors of multilevel training despite the distrust and animosity of some of the men and without gender-based aids. She encounters a great deal of sexism and discrimination among the troops. Just as naturally, she shaves of her hair, gets buff, perseveres and earns everyone's respect in the end. Lt. Jordan O'Neal a woman fighting for the right to stand shoulder to shoulder with her male counterparts in the U.S. Navy. Her traning officers and fellow applicants confront her regulariliy with sexist attitudes, the press spied on her with telephoto lenses the military men who wanted to maintain a male institution would hound her with unfounded charges of lesbianism. But non of her advesiariers counted on O'Neal singular strength. Even when she becomes fodder for compromising politicians who betray her, she refuses to surrender. Jordan O'Neal is a Navy Veteran who resents not being allowed into combat during the Gulf War. Now there is a move under way for full female equality in the fighting forces. One quarter of U.S. Navy jobs are still off limits to women still today. On April 28, 1993 Secretary of Defense Les Aspin announced a policy to open up nurse specialists and assignments to women in the armed forces. The policy means that women will no longer be excluded from military specialists simpily because the jobs are dangerous. It opened up combat aircraft to women. It instructed the Navy to open additional ships to women. In November Congress signed legislation repealing the law barring women from serving on combat ships. In the film Senator Dehaven was pushing the military to accept females in all possibiile military positions. In contemporary society, women are already now accepted into combat situations and previously all-male military academies. Of the nearly 260,000 combat and combat support positions opened to women in 1994 more than half were in the Navy. Still, the Navy has the highest percentage of non-restricted jobs after the Airforce, 91% and 99% respectively. In contrast one third of Army and Marine corps jobs are off-limits because women are barred from the ground infantry armor and artillery units (USA Today, 1998). In the closing scenes, the recruits final training exercise is diverted to aid in extracting American troops from the Middle East, the Master Chief was critically wounded. O'Neil gathered all her leadership experience and courage to save him and the mission, even at the cost of risking her own life. Demi Moore's portrayal of strong determined women should come as no surprise. Sampson Deborb (1760-1827) was the first women to enlist in the American armed forces under the name Robert Shurhlieff. She disguised herself as a man t serve in the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment in 1782 during the Revolutionary War. She was twice wounded first by a Saber in a skirmmish in Tarry Town, NY and then by a Musket shot near East Chester.

Historical Poems of Social Protest and Revolution

Historical Poems of Social Protest and Revolution Nearly 175 years ago Percy Bysshe Shelley said, in his Defence of Poetry, that â€Å"poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.† In the years since, many poets have taken that role to heart, right up to the present day. They’ve been rabble-rousers and protesters, revolutionaries and yes, sometimes, lawmakers. Poets have commented on the events of the day, giving voice to the oppressed and downtrodden, immortalized rebels, and campaigned for social change.   Looking back to the headwaters of this river of protest poetry, we’ve gathered a collection of classic poems regarding protest and revolution, beginning with Shelley’s own â€Å"The Masque of Anarchy.†Ã‚   Percy Bysshe Shelley:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Masque of Anarchy† (published in  1832; Shelley died in 1822) This poetic fountain of outrage was prompted by the infamous Peterloo Massacre of 1819 in Manchester, England. The massacre began as a peaceful protest of pro-democracy and anti-poverty and ended with at least 18 deaths and over 700 serious injuries. Within those numbers were innocents; women and children. Two centuries later the poem retains its power. Shelleys moving poem is an epic 91 verses, each of four or five lines a piece. It is brilliantly written and mirrors the intensity of the 39th and 40th stanzas:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  XXXIX.What is Freedom?- ye can tellThat which slavery is, too well- For its very name has grownTo an echo of your own.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  XL.’Tis to work and have such payAs just keeps life from day to dayIn your limbs, as in a cellFor the tyrants’ use to dwell, Percy Bysshe Shelley:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Song to the Men of England† (published by Mrs. Mary Shelley in The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley in  1839) In this classic, Shelley employs his pen to speak specifically to the workers of England. Again, his anger is felt in every line and it is clear that he is tormented by the oppression he sees of the middle class. Song to the Men of England is written simply, it was designed to appeal to the less educated of Englands society; the workers, the drones, the people who fed the wealth of the tyrants. The eight stanzas of the poem are four lines each and follow a rhythmic AABB song-like format. In the second stanza, Shelley tries to wake up the workers to the plight they may not see: Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood? By the sixth stanza, Shelley is calling the people to rise up much like the French did in the revolution a few decades prior: Sow seed- but let no tyrant reap:Find wealth- let no imposter heap:Weave robes- let not the idle wear:Forge arms- in your defence to bear. William Wordsworth:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Prelude, or, Growth of a Poet’s Mind† Books 9 and 10, Residence in France (published in 1850, the year of the poets death) Of the 14 books that poetically detail Wordsworths life, Books 9 and 10 regard his time in France during the French Revolution. A young man in his late 20s, the turmoil took a great toll on this otherwise home-bodied Englishman. In Book 9, Woodsworth writes passionately: A light, a cruel, and vain world cut offFrom the natural inlets of just sentiment,From lowly sympathy and chastening truth;Where good and evil interchange their names,And thirst for bloody spoils abroad is paired Walt Whitman:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To a Foil’d European Revolutionaire† (from  Leaves of Grass,  first published in the 1871-72 edition with another edition published in 1881) One of Whitmans most famous collections of poetry, Leaves of Grass was a lifetime work that the poet edited and published a decade after its initial release. Within this is are the revolutionary words of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To a Foil’d European Revolutionaire.† Though its unclear whom Whitman is speaking to, his ability to spark courage and resilience in the revolutionaries of Europe remains a powerful truth. As the poem begins, there is no doubting the poets passion. We only wonder what sparked such embroiled words. Courage yet, my brother or my sister!Keep on- Liberty is to be subserv’d whatever occurs;That is nothing that is quell’d by one or two failures, or any number of failures,Or by the indifference or ingratitude of the people, or by any unfaithfulness,Or the show of the tushes of power, soldiers, cannon, penal statutes. Paul Laurence Dunbar,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Haunted Oak† A haunting poem written in 1903, Dunbar takes on the strong subject of lynching and Southern justice in The Haunted Oak. He views the matter through the thoughts of the oak tree employed in the matter. The thirteenth stanza may be the most revealing: I feel the rope against my bark,And the weight of him in my grain,I feel in the throe of his final woeThe touch of my own last pain. More Revolutionary Poetry Poetry is the perfect venue for social protest no matter the subject. In your studies, be sure to read these classics to get a better sense of the roots of revolutionary poetry. Edwin Markham,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Man With the Hoe† -  Inspired by Jean-Franà §ois Millet’s painting Man with a Hoe,† this poem was originally published in the San Francisco  Examiner in  1899. Upton Sinclair noted in The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest that Markhams poem  became  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the battle-cry of the next thousand years.† Truly, it speaks to hard labor and the working man.Ella Wheeler Wilcox, â€Å"Protest† - From Poems of Purpose, published in 1916, this poem embodies the spirit of protest no matter the cause. To speak up and show your bravery against those who cause suffering, Wilcoxs words are timeless.Carl Sandburg,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Am the People, the Mob† -  Also from a 1916 collection of poetry,  Chicago Poems, Sandburg reinforces the thoughts of Wilcox. He speaks of the power of the people - the mob - the crowd - the mass and the ability to remember wrongs while learning a better way.Carl Sandburg,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Mayor of Gary† -  A free-form verse that appeared in 1922s Smoke and Steel, this poem looks at the Gary, Indiana of 1915. The 12-hour day and the 7-day week of the workers drew a sharp contrast to Garys trim and proper mayor who had time for a shampoo and shave.

National Lewis and Clark Corporation Case Study

National Lewis and Clark Corporation - Case Study Example In this respect, diversity within Nest is viewed as an opportunity, which enables the company's managers to fully adapt to its 86 foreign markets by integrating a diverse set of cultures, allowing them to become more responsive to its customers' needs. Thus, Nestl's philosophy focuses on developing a diverse workforce, which mirrors the needs of its equally diverse consumer. Furthermore, Nestle, together with other European companies, views diversity as "inseparably intertwined" with leadership development (Reichlin, 2004). Hence to effectively incorporate diversity, Nest focuses on more than just developing a diverse workforce, but on integrating diversity with leadership training and advancement and workforce retention and recruitment. 2. Two notable diversity initiatives implemented in Nest lies in its value-added leadership approach and emphasis on the company's leadership training program focused on honing its internal workforce for top management positions (Reichlin, 2004). First, through its value-added leadership, Nestle successfully develops a highly-motivated workforce, where minor employees are given the chance to excel and play larger roles within the organization. As Reichlin (2004) explains it, everyone, regardless of their position, is given responsibilities within the company insofar as they add value to the firm, hence fostering inclusiveness. Its leadership training program, on the other hand, fosters collaboration and cooperation across the management spectrum. One characteristic of this program is its focus on mentoring. By giving one-on-one attention and monitoring potential leaders' development and maturity, Nest succeeds in maintaining its employees' original cultures while integrating individu als into their corporate culture and honing them for advancement to top-management positions. Furthermore, company executives also gain better knowledge regarding its workforce, allowing them to make better decisions with regard to diversity.

Investigating Jefferson's Definition of 'Equality Essay

Investigating Jefferson's Definition of 'Equality - Essay Example This document later on inspired the revolutionary efforts of the Americans and promoted their views and values regarding to the concept of a new nation. Declaration of Independence also played a pivotal role in many revolutions around the world, which occurred after American revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jefferson's document is popularly regarded as being fundamental in stating the rights of citizens. Americans, even today, believe that the phrase "all men are created equal" stated in the document is their fundamental right, and the document itself is the foundation for American equality. But Declaration of Independence (O’Brien) largely addressed to the American society and depicted only the moral rights of white free men. The rights of freedom and equality remained a dream for the women, Native Americans and African Americans of the eighteenth century American society. This paper is based on the Thesis Statement that Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia and Decl aration of Independence depict his understatement of the African race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The central theme of Jefferson's Declaration of Independence itself is against the African race that existed in America. Jefferson, as his central theme, holds that the purpose of the Government is to secure the rights of its ‘men’. ... He was raised according to the infiltrating morals and values of the patriarchal society. According to the moral beliefs of the eighteenth century, in which Jefferson was born and lived, practicing slave holding and being dependent on slaves and slave labor were not morally wrong. Jefferson, who inherited the fortune of slave holding, did not free the slaves even after declaring his thoughts on "equality and freedom†. Though Jefferson identified slavery as morally wrong and emancipated for the freedom of slaves and abolition of slavery in his Notes, he continued this practice till his death. Jefferson, by calling his slave population as ‘blacks’, exposed his thoughts against racial integration. Though Jefferson is believed to be in favor of general emancipation, he considered slaves as sub-human and "inferior to the whites in the endowments both of body and mind" (Voelker 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Jefferson holds the rights of a man for freedom and equalit y, we can see contradictory remarks about African race in his Notes and Declaration. Jefferson holds that "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" (Jefferson). In Declaration we see him decrying slavery as a "â€Å"cruel war against human nature itself,† which violated â€Å"sacred rights of life and liberty†. He called slavery an â€Å"abominable crime,† a â€Å"moral depravity,† a â€Å"hideous blot,† and a â€Å"stain† that distorted â€Å"what nature had bestowed on us of her fairest gifts" (Boyd). But in Notes he held fast to his views that they are in "memory †¦ equal to the whites; in reason much

The Cause Effect Of Green Electronic Products Marketing Essay

The Cause Effect Of Green Electronic Products Marketing Essay Today there is growing concern for environmental friendly product because of the environmental issues faced by the world. Industries, factories, fume emitting tall chimneys, vehicles, household appliances; heaps of garbage and extreme pollution have altered the environmental conditions and disturbed our biome. Chloroforo carbons from refrigerators, air conditioners, deodorants, etc are responsible for depletion of ozone layer; Green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane, etc are contributing to the global warming. Government, companies, industries are taking initiative to reduce this pollution for our healthy living and also for our future generations. Owing to this fact companies are producing environmental friendly products which in turn help in reducing pollution and help in saving environment. The most important reason why one should use Eco-friendly products is because of the devastating effect of harmful gases, non-biodegradable plastics, dangerous gases which not only pollutes the environment but also causes respiratory problems, skin diseases, etc in human beings. Due to this polluted water and air there is a danger of complete extinction of various rare species of animals and birds. There are lots and lots of harmful effects of plastics, chemicals, non biodegradable items, which is the main reason to start using Eco friendly products as soon as possible. And not only that we should also start changing our lifestyle like usage of air coolers only when there is at most need of it, using jute bags or paper bags instead of plastics covers, taking up drinking waters in safe utensils rather than plastic bottles, making the pollution check regularly in our vehicles . Eco-friendly products have slowly and slowly entered every market considering cosmetics, medicines, electronics, paints, automobiles, manufacturing machines, smart city concept and more. Companies not only produce eco-friendly products but they also have eco-friendly packaging, eco-marks on packages. Measures have been taken by government, companies to produce eco-friendly products which in turn slowly and slowly reduce the impact of pollution on our environment. Eco-friendly has several meanings. There was a time when you were eco friendly if you just stopped using paper. But the definition of eco friendly products changed over the times. In more recent times, if you used predominantly natural products, or their derivatives, you were using eco friendly products. However, today, the definition has broadened more. Today, you are eco friendly not just by using eco friendly products, but also by taking care that the environment is not harmed in any way by the way you are using these pro ducts. Although the meaning has changed but the essence is same as before, one has to be friendly to the environment. The domain of eco-friendly product is very wide so I have restricted my research to the household electronic products which are used by consumer on daily basis. This include television, washing machine, microwave, CFLs, AC, refrigerators, etc. People deal with these products daily and hence they can easily tell about these products. What are the factors they prefer before buying these products? The project conceptualizes the recent market trend of green electronic products and consumer buying characteristics. To understand the meaning of eco-friendly electronic and what people think eco-friendly electronics are. Eco-friendly electronics are expensive, and then also companies are manufacturing them, what are the various factors why companies manufacture eco-friendly electronics. What makes todays customer to go for eco-friendly electronics, is it only to save the planet or some other reason. All such questions will be answered in this paper. Explain in 4-5 sentence the approach adopted by you and results/findings A distinct approach and questionnaire would be helpful for the evaluation of electronic consumer products, even though some usability questionnaires claim to be relevant to products other than computer software. Current usability questionnaires also seem to measure various usability dimensions, but the dimensions are not necessarily identical across questionnaires. Thus, the exploration of the available questionnaires provides a sound background to the development of the questionnaire items for this study. LITERATURE REVIEW While green marketing came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was first discussed much earlier. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on Ecological Marketing in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on green marketing entitled Ecological Marketing (Henion and Kinnear 1976a). Since that time a number of other books on the topic have been published (Coddington 1993, and Ottman 1993). Green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. (Polonsky, 1994) World-wide evidence indicates people are concerned about the environment and are changing their behavior accordingly. As a result there is a growing market for sustainable and socially responsible products and services. (Environmental protection agency -2000) Green consumerism is often discussed as a form of pro-social consumer behavi or (Wiener and Doesher, 1991). It may be viewed as a specific type of socially conscious (Anderson, 1988) or socially responsible (Antil, 1984) consumer behavior that involves an environmentalist (Schlossberg, 1991) perspective and may thus be called environmentally concerned consumption (Henion, 1976). A classic definition (Henion, 1976) describes environmentally concerned consumers. Business organizations tend to concern about environments issues due to several reasons such as environmental pressure, governmental pressure, competitive pressure, cost or profit issues (Environmental protection agency -2000) Unfortunately, a majority of people believe that green marketing refers solely to the promotion or advertising of products with environmental characteristics. (Polonsky,1994) and terms like Phosphate Free, Recyclable, Refillable, Ozone Friendly, and Environmentally Friendly are some of the things consumers most often associate with green marketing. . (Polonsky, 1994) While these terms are green marketing claims, in general green marketing is a much broader concept, one that can be applied to consumer goods, industrial goods and even services (Roberts and Bacon, 1997). Hopes for green products also have been hurt by the perception that such products are of lower quality or dont really deliver on their environmental promises. And yet the news isnt all bad, as the growing number of people willing to pay a premium for green products from organic foods to energy-efficient appliances attests. (DSouza et al. 2004)Green or Environmental Marketing consists of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment. [Polonsky 1994b, 2] Green marketing has not lived up to the hopes and dreams of many managers and activists. Although public opinion polls consistently show that consumers would prefer to choose a green product over one that is less friendly to the environment when all other things are equal, those other things are rarely equal in the minds of consumers. (Hackett, 2000) They must always keep in mind that consumers are unlikely to compromise on traditional product attributes, such as convenience, availability, price, quality and performance. Its even more important to realize, however, that there is no single green-marketing strategy that is right for every company. (Prothero,, and McDonagh, 1992) Despite the increasing eco-awareness in contemporary market economies, it is generally recognized that there are still considerable barriers to the diffusion of more ecologically oriented consumption styles. In lay discourse as well as in much of consumer research, these barriers are usually attributed to the motivational and practical complexity of green consumption (Hackett, 2000). Increased use of Green Marketing is depending on five possible reasons. (Polonsky 1994b) Organizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity that can be used to achieve its objectives [Keller 1987, Shearer 1990] Organizations believe they have a moral obligation to be more socially responsible [Davis 1992, Keller 1987,] Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more responsible [Davis 1992]; Competitors environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities [Davis 1992] Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or reductions in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior [Keller, K.L. (1993] Moreover, environmentally responsible behavior usually involves difficult motivational conflicts, arising from the fundamental incompatibility of environmental protection-related collective goals and individual consumers personal or self-interested benefits and the resulting free-rider problem (Wiener and Doesher, 1991) Public policymakers will continue to develop more efficient ways to regulate waste and pollution, and scientists will continue to gather information about the environmental risks from various substances or practices. As they do, pricing structures will evolve that communicate even more accurate information to manufacturers and entrepreneurs about the true cost of commercial activities and the potential rewards from innovative solutions to environmental problems. This definition incorporates much of the traditional components of the marketing definition that is All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants (Sc hlegelmilch et al,1996). There are usually severe external constraints to green consumerism, arising from the cultural, infrastructural, political and economic circumstances in the markets and society (McIntosh, A. 1991). Both individual and industrial are becoming more concerned and aware about the natural environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the environment (Ottman 1993). A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the sample believed all individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of this sample indicated that they had modified their behavior, including their purchasing behavior, due to environmental reasons (EPA-NSW 1994). Owing to the conceptual and moral complexity of ecologically responsible consumer behavior and to the perplexity of ecological information, different consumers have different conceptions of ecologically oriented consumer behavior and, thus, myriad ways of acting out their primary motivation for being green consumers (Antil, 1984). These innovations arent being pursued simply to reduce package waste. (Prothero, 1990) Food manufacturers also want to improve food preservation to enhance the taste and freshness of their products. The cost of the foods would be lower; consumers could enjoy the convenience of pre-sliced ingredients, and waste peelings (Prothero, 1990). It can be assumed that firms marketing goods with environmental characteristics will have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. There are numerous examples of firms who have strived to become more environmentally responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer needs. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991) While governmental regulation is designed to give consumers the opportunity to make better decisions or to motivate them to be more environmentally responsible, there is difficulty in establishing policies that will address all environmental issues. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991). Hence, environment-friendly consumption may be characterized as highly a complex form of consumer behavior, both intellectually and morally as well as in practice. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research is to investigate the cause effect of green electronic products consumption in India. What are the factors responsible for the manufacturing of eco-friendly electronics? What makes companies to for green marketing? What are the factors that make customers buy such eco-friendly electronics. How aware consumers are about the green electronics? Also understand the meaning of eco-friendly electronics. Do these green electronics really are green? The OBJECTIVES of the research are: To explore analyze the driving force behind green marketing in Electronic products This objective states the reason why companies are going for green marketing although it is very expensive. Today in the market we can see many products which have the eco-friendly constituent, electronics, cosmetics, automobiles, manufacturing machines, paints, etc all have some eco-friendly component. What are the factors which have forced the companies to go for such strategy? This is studied through the secondary research from magazines, newspaper, brochures, pamphlets, articles, case studies. To study the consumer buying behavior towards green electronic products The consumer buying behavior for electronic product is studied and objective is to find the impact of environmental friendliness, consumer awareness for green electronics and what are the parameters which consumer prefer before buying the electronics. Also study the impact of eco-friendly electronics on consumer buying behavior. This is studied through the survey of consumers. Major Hypothesis (s): H0: Current trends indicate the inclination of customers towards environmental friendly electronic products H1: Current trends does not indicate the inclination of customers towards environmental friendly electronic products RESEARCH METHODLOGY The project work includes the collection of data about the electronics companies, their various products including eco-friendly, environmental policies, eco-labels used by companies. Also customers are survey through a questionnaire, to know the consumer buying behavior towards green electronics and also check their awareness towards eco-friendly products. Methodology Used TYPE OF RESEARCH: Exploratory Research, Descriptive Research I have collected Secondary Data from Internet, magazines, newspapers, articles, brochures, and company websites. GREEN MARKETING Green marketing is a concept which uses the environmental benefits of a product or service to promote companys sales. Todays consumers choose products that do not damage the environment over less environmentally friendly products, even if they cost more. With green marketing, advertisers focus has shifted on environmental benefits to sell products such as biodegradable diapers, energy-efficient light bulbs, and environmentally safe detergents. People spend billions of dollars worth to buy goods and services every year-many of them harm the environment in how they are harvested, made, or used. Environmentalists are supporting green marketing to encourage people to use environmental alternatives, and also offer incentives to manufacturers that develop more environmentally beneficial products. Without environmental labeling standards, consumers can not tell which products or services are truly beneficial. Consumers end up paying extra for misrepresented products so called green product or service. Then new term greenwashing came into existence which describes such cases where organizations misrepresented themselves as environmentally responsible. Environmentally preferable products as products and services which have lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment around them when compared to other products and services that serve the same purpose. The label environmentally preferable or environmental friendly considers various scenarios like how raw materials are acquired, produced, manufactured, packaged, distributed, reused, operated, maintained, and this also include how the product or service is disposed. Today, special labels are there which help the public identify legitimate environmentally preferable products and services. Several environmental groups or committees are there to evaluate and certify products and services. According to the American Marketing Association, green marketing term is defined as the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally friendly and safe. As a result, green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, which includes product modification, production process changes, changes in packaging, as well as modifying advertising. Defining green marketing is not a simple task as several meanings intersect and contradict each other; Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing can also be used and are synonyms for green marketing. Green marketing is considered as a golden goose. As per Mr. J. Polonsky, green marketing can be defined as, All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs or wants such that satisfying of these needs and wants occur with minimal detrimental input on the national environment. Environmental issues the product intends to address Consumer is the king in todays market and its important that he should understand environmental issues prevailing. Today the focus is on global warming and resource consumption. Issues related to pollution and contamination of air, water, and soil, are serious issues in developing economies. Waste disposal is also a major issue. Global warming prevention Helps reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. This initiative includes the direct reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as energy saving and the reduction of deforestation. Air/water/soil pollution prevention Helps reduce emissions of substances contained in the air, water, and soil, such as photochemical oxidants (e.g., nitrogen oxides) and suspended particulate matter (e.g., sulfur oxides), which are substances restricted by environmental standards including air pollution control laws. This includes products that contribute to preventing ozone depletion and product oxidization. The clean-up of air/water/soil pollutants is also included. Chemical substance reduction Helps reduce and clean up eco-toxic chemical substances harmful to humans and the environment. These chemicals include substances specified by laws that identify the environmental impact created by emissions of specific chemical substances and that promote better management of such substances. This includes the reduction and purification of hazardous substances by recycling and reuse as well as products containing low levels of or no hazardous substances. Waste reduction Helps reduce the final disposal volumes by changing products, manufacturing processes, and packaging. This includes waste weight/volume reduction within the circulation system. Resource saving Helps reduce the consumption of resources, such as mineral, forest, and water resources. This includes resource saving by reuse and recycling as well as resource saving in products and the manufacturing process. Biodiversity The product contributes to the conservation of biological diversity, through a sustainable use of the components in the eco-system and promotes the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. How does the product address environmental issues? This explains how the products support environmental impact reduction. The category is subdivided to provide comprehensive support for various environmental measures widely exercised at present. This clarifies whether resource saving is achieved through enhanced product performance, longer product life, or improved product recyclability. Recyclability/reusability/refill-ability Raw materials can be recovered, processed, and recycled for reuse. Alternatively, they can be recycled efficiently by using designs that are easily disassembled. Reusable and refillable designs may be used in packaging and products. Long life With long-life designs, enhanced durability, and continued performance with repairs and maintenance, product life can be prolonged, leading to the reduction of raw materials and waste. Degradability/compost-ability Products, packaging, and their components are biodegradable and produce substances that are relatively homogeneous and stable. They can also be degraded to a degree under certain conditions within a predetermined period of time. High quality/performance Product quality and performance improvements enable environmental impact reduction, subsequently leading to material and waste reduction. Energy saving Efficient process designs and product weight reduction enable energy saving. This initiative includes the use of energy recovered instead of disposal. Environmental clean-up products The use of hazardous chemical substances in product manufacturing is reduced through the development of alternative materials, etc.; or the use of the product helps clean up hazardous substances. Using recycled materials Recyclable materials (pre- and postconsumer) are recovered and recycled materials are used in the manufacturing process, either entirely or in high volumes. Eco Labels Many products and services come with environmental labels that state product features to inform and appeal to consumers. They certify that items are environmentally friendly according to standards independently set by countries, regions, organizations, and providers. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) classifies environmental labels into Type I, Type II, and Type III and environmental labels are then given based on compliance certification, producers self-declaration of commitment to environmental preservation, and the verification and disclosure of quantitative environmental impact data. Additional environmental labels are awarded under standards and criteria of other bodies. In addition to environmental labels, other initiatives are intended to raise consumers environmental awareness, including the creation of databases where self-assessed products may be registered. Type I (ISO14020, ISO14024): Seal of approval-compliance approval. Description: Type I labels are managed in accordance with the standards and principles of the ISO. This system ensures that the use of the label is accepted by a third party based on an independent, multifaceted standard. The standard covers the entire product life (resource extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal, recycling). The submitted products are assessed for approval and if successful are awarded the Type I label. Examples: Type II (ISO14021): Single attribute-producers self-declaration of commitment to the environment Description: Product providers independently incorporate environment-related improvements in their products. There is no intervention by any third party. Examples: Type III (ISO14025): Report card-verification and disclosure of quantitative environmental impact data Description: Type III labels are managed in accordance with ISO14025 (environmental declarations). They use the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to show environmental information on products quantitatively from resource extraction to manufacturing/assembly, distribution, use, and discarding/recycling. Only the reliability of disclosed data is verified and product evaluation is left to consumers. Examples: Other environmental labels There are other environmental labels apart from those of the ISO. Various environmental labels have been created in many areas including the consumer electronics industry and automotive industry. Driving forces for organizations to go for green marketing Organizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity that can be used to achieve its objectives. Organizations believe they have a moral obligation to be more socially responsible. Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more responsible. Competitors environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities. Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or reductions in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior. OPPORTUNITIES All types of consumers, both individual and industrial are becoming more concerned and aware about the natural environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the environment. A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the sample believed all individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of this sample indicated that they had modified their behavior, including their purchasing behavior, due to environmental reasons. As demands change, many firms see these changes as an opportunity to be exploited. It can be assumed that firms marketing goods with environmental characteristics will have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. There are numerous examples of firms who have strived to become more environmentally responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer need. McDonalds replaced its clam sh ell packaging with waxed paper because of increased consumer concern relating to polystyrene production and Ozone depletion. Xerox introduced a high quality recycled photocopier paper in an attempt to satisfy the demands of firms for less environmentally harmful products. This is not to imply that all firms who have undertaken environmental marketing activities actually improve their behavior. In some cases firms have misled consumers in an attempt to gain market share. In other cases firms have jumped on the green bandwagon without considering the accuracy of their behavior, their claims, or the effectiveness of their products. This lack of consideration of the true greenness of activities may result in firms making false or misleading green marketing claims. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY GREEN MARKETING Many firms are beginning to realize that they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible fashion. This translates into firms that believe they must achieve environmental objectives as well as profit related objectives. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firms corporate culture. Firms in this situation can take two perspectives: They can use the fact that they are environmentally responsible as a marketing tool; or They can become responsible without promoting this fact. There are examples of firms adopting both strategies. Organizations like the Panasonic heavily promote the fact that they are environmentally responsible. While this behavior is a competitive advantage, the firm was established specifically to offer consumers environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional electronic products. This philosophy is directly tied to the overall corporate culture, rather than simply being a competitive tool. An example of a firm that does not promote its environmental initiatives is Voltas. They have invested large sums of money in various recycling activities, as well as having modified their packaging to minimize its environmental impact. While being concerned about the environment, Voltas has not used this concern as a marketing tool. GOVERNMENTALPRESSURE As with all marketing related activities, governments want to protect consumers and society; this protection has significant green marketing implications. Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing are designed to protect consumers in several ways, Reduce production of harmful goods or by-products; Modify consumer and industrys use and/or consumption of harmful goods; or Ensure that all types of consumers have the ability to evaluate the environmental composition of goods. Governments establish regulations designed to control the amount of hazardous wastes produced by firms. Many by-products of production are controlled through the issuing of various environmental licenses, thus modifying organizational behavior. In some cases governments try to induce final consumers to become more responsible. For example, some governments have introduced voluntary curb-side recycling programs, making it easier for consumers to act responsibly. In other cases governments tax individuals who act in an irresponsible fashion. COMPETITIVE PRESSURE Another major force in the environmental marketing area has been firms desire to maintain their competitive position. In many cases firms observe competitors promoting their environmental behaviors and attempt to emulate this behavior. In some instances this competitive pressure has caused an entire industry to modify and thus reduce its detrimental environmental behavior. For example, it could be argued that Xeroxs Revive 100% Recycled paper was introduced a few years ago in an attempt to address the introduction of recycled photocopier paper by other manufacturers. In another example when one tuna manufacture stopped using driftnets the others followed suit. COST OR PROFIT ISSUES Firms may also use green marketing in an attempt to address cost or profit related issues. Disposing of environmentally harmful by-products are becoming increasingly costly and in some cases difficult. Therefore firms that can reduce harmful wastes may incur substantial cost savings. When attempting to minimize waste, firms are often forced to re-examine their production processes. In these cases they often develop more effective production processes that not only reduce waste, but reduce the need for some raw materials. This serves as a double cost savings, since both waste and raw material are reduced. In other cases firms attempt to find end-of-pipe solutions, instead of minimizing waste. In these situations firms try to find markets or uses for their waste materials, where one firms waste becomes another firms input of production.

Management and Operations Management Theory Essay -- Business Manageme

Management and Operations Management Theory ABSTRACT This paper defines the four functions of management and the operations management theory. It then provides an analysis of how the functions of management the operations management. THE FOUR FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Planning: It is an act of formulating a program for a definitive course of action. The management defines a goal and puts forward its strategies to accomplish the objectives defined. Organizing: To divide the work force into specific groups and giving each group a specific task. Organizing also involves ensuring that a smooth flow of information and co-ordination exists between these groups. Thus the basic aim of organizing is to simply divide the work load and define the tasks while setting up deadlines in such a way that although different groups do different things but they all work together with the help of each other towards achieving the same goal which has been predefined. Leading (Motivating): Leading or motivating is simply to influence the employee in such a way that their output for the task given is most competent. This includes communication with the work force, recognizing and dealing with the problems they might be facing and also giving them good incentive to put in their best. Incentives can include best performance awards. Further on leading also comprises of maintaining discipline within the organization. Controlling: This includes the analysis of the rate of achievement as compared to the objectives defined. If the rate of achievement is less than the original objectives, then specific measures are taken to make certain satisfactory results by increasing the efficiency of the output by the work force. If the analysis shows a flaw in the original objectives, then they are to be corrected. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORY Operations management deals with all the operations within an organization. Activities that are included in operations management are quality control, logistics, evaluations, managing purchases, inventory control, product design and production control. Operations management is simply defined as â€Å"The design, operation and improvement of the internal and external systems, resources and technologies that create product and service combinations in any type of organization.† [Robert H. Lowson p.5] It is important for an organization to... ...ciples or functions of management, then their operations management will suffer a blow. As seen from above, it is highly important for any organization, whether manufacturing or non-manufacturing, to act upon the functions of management. A plan, its mode of action, execution and its analysis are important components for an organization. Their impacts on the operations management are positive and effective. As a result one cannot deny the need of implementing these functions of management, for a successful operations management and thus a successful organization. REFERENCES: (1) Robert H. Lowson - Book Title: Strategic Operations Management: The New Competitive Advantage. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 5. (2) John N. Pearson , Jeffrey S. Bracker , Richard E. White - Article Title: Operations Management Activities of Small, High Growth Electronics Firms. Journal Title: Journal of Small Business Management. Volume: 28. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 1990. Page Number: 20+. (3) Michael E. Thorn - Article Title: Applications of Technology and Risk Management. Journal Title: SAM Advanced Management Journal. Volume: 66. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 2001. Page Number: 4+. Management and Operations Management Theory Essay -- Business Manageme Management and Operations Management Theory ABSTRACT This paper defines the four functions of management and the operations management theory. It then provides an analysis of how the functions of management the operations management. THE FOUR FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Planning: It is an act of formulating a program for a definitive course of action. The management defines a goal and puts forward its strategies to accomplish the objectives defined. Organizing: To divide the work force into specific groups and giving each group a specific task. Organizing also involves ensuring that a smooth flow of information and co-ordination exists between these groups. Thus the basic aim of organizing is to simply divide the work load and define the tasks while setting up deadlines in such a way that although different groups do different things but they all work together with the help of each other towards achieving the same goal which has been predefined. Leading (Motivating): Leading or motivating is simply to influence the employee in such a way that their output for the task given is most competent. This includes communication with the work force, recognizing and dealing with the problems they might be facing and also giving them good incentive to put in their best. Incentives can include best performance awards. Further on leading also comprises of maintaining discipline within the organization. Controlling: This includes the analysis of the rate of achievement as compared to the objectives defined. If the rate of achievement is less than the original objectives, then specific measures are taken to make certain satisfactory results by increasing the efficiency of the output by the work force. If the analysis shows a flaw in the original objectives, then they are to be corrected. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT THEORY Operations management deals with all the operations within an organization. Activities that are included in operations management are quality control, logistics, evaluations, managing purchases, inventory control, product design and production control. Operations management is simply defined as â€Å"The design, operation and improvement of the internal and external systems, resources and technologies that create product and service combinations in any type of organization.† [Robert H. Lowson p.5] It is important for an organization to... ...ciples or functions of management, then their operations management will suffer a blow. As seen from above, it is highly important for any organization, whether manufacturing or non-manufacturing, to act upon the functions of management. A plan, its mode of action, execution and its analysis are important components for an organization. Their impacts on the operations management are positive and effective. As a result one cannot deny the need of implementing these functions of management, for a successful operations management and thus a successful organization. REFERENCES: (1) Robert H. Lowson - Book Title: Strategic Operations Management: The New Competitive Advantage. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 5. (2) John N. Pearson , Jeffrey S. Bracker , Richard E. White - Article Title: Operations Management Activities of Small, High Growth Electronics Firms. Journal Title: Journal of Small Business Management. Volume: 28. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 1990. Page Number: 20+. (3) Michael E. Thorn - Article Title: Applications of Technology and Risk Management. Journal Title: SAM Advanced Management Journal. Volume: 66. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 2001. Page Number: 4+.